首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The annals of natural history contain many astonishing examples of the ability of animals to find their way home after making di
The annals of natural history contain many astonishing examples of the ability of animals to find their way home after making di
admin
2011-02-05
29
问题
The annals of natural history contain many astonishing examples of the ability of animals to find their way home after making distant journeys. Salmon, for example, are born in freshwater streams and soon afterward journey down to sea. Several years later, after they have attained maturity, they swim back upstream to spawn and, in many cases, to die. The particular stream that serves as the journey’s end is almost invariably the same one in which they were born. It is chosen out of dozens or hundreds of equally suitable streams. The expression "almost invariably" is used advisedly in this case. In one investigation by Canadian biologists, 469,326 young sockeye salmon were marked in a tributary of the Fraser River. Several years later almost 11,000 were recovered after they had completed a return journey to the very same stream, but not a single one was ever recovered from other streams nearby. What underwater guideposts can these fish possibly follow? It has been discovered by A. D. Hasler and his associates at the University of Wisconsin that the salmon, like many other fish, have an acute sense of smell and are able tore member slight differences in the chemical composition of water. The most reasonable theory to explain salmon homing is that each individual remembers the distinctive "fragrance" of its native stream. As it moves upstream it makes the correct choice each time a new tributary is encountered, until finally it arrives home.
Long-distance migration is especially common in birds, because many species must make annual journeys between their nesting grounds and prime feeding areas far away. Each year over 100,000 sooty terns, an attractive tropical sea bird, travel from the waters off the west coast of Africa all the way across the Atlantic to Bush Key, a tiny island near the tip of Florida. Here they build their nests and breed. Once the young can fly, all journey back over the Atlantic. Why do the sooty terns migrate at all? Like many other seabirds, they find protection from cats, foxes, and other predators on isolated islands. It is evidently safer for them to make an entire transoceanic voyage to reach one such haven than it would be to try to nest on the nearby African shores. A somewhat different reason lies behind the north-south migration of birds in the temperate zones. Each spring a legion of migratory forms, from robins, thrushes, and warblers to geese and ducks, makes its way north into the greening countryside, where large quantities of food are becoming freshly available. Working rapidly, they are able to rear one or more broods of young. As winter approaches and the food supply declines, all head south again. Some species proceed all the way to Central and South America. The record annual journey in the Western Hemisphere is made by the golden plover, one group of which travels from northern Canada to southern South America. A second group of the same species migrates from Alaska to Hawaii and the Marquesas Islands. Human beings could never make such journeys unaided by maps and navigational instruments. How do the birds do it? A large part of the answer lies in their ability to use celestial clues. At migration time, caged starlings become unusually restless. If permitted to see the sun, they begin to fly toward the side of the cage that lies in the direction of their normal migration route. However, when the sky is overcast and the sun is obscured from view, their movements persist, but they are non directional. Other migratory birds fly at night and can evidently use the position of the stars to guide them. This surprising fact has been established by several biologists, including S. T. Emlen of Cornell University, who allowed a type of bird called indigo buntings to attempt flights under the artificial night sky of a planetarium. The birds oriented "correctly" with reference to the planetarium sky even when the positions of its constellations did not correspond with the position of the true constellations outside. Thus other outside influences were eliminated, and it could be concluded that the birds were able to orient to what they believed to be the position of the stars.
SUMMARY:
Animals are able to get back home after they make long journeys. Salmon, for example, are known to swim back several years later to【51】where they were born. What guide these fish upstream.9 According to scientists at the University of Wisconsin, salmon【52】and follow the fragrance of their native stream as they have a sharp【53】
Birds also make long distance migration each year. Sooty terns, a type of tropical sea bird, travel across the Atlantic from Africa to an island near Florida, where they breed and can【54】from predators. Birds also migrate in order to find food and rear their young. It is discovered that birds are aided by【55】to make distant journeys that even human beings cannot make without the assistance of navigational instruments.
选项
答案
celestial clues/position of the stars
解析
(文章第二段提到How do the birds do it? A large part of the answer lies in their ability to use celestial clues. 因而摘要中可以归纳为celestial clues。)
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/4WAK777K
本试题收录于:
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)题库大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)分类
0
B类竞赛(英语专业本科专科)
大学生英语竞赛(NECCS)
相关试题推荐
Afewyearsago,peopleinEnglandvotedforthegreatestpersonofalltimefromtheircountry.Theywerenotjustvotingfort
Whichnumbershouldreplacetheguestionmark?
Thefoodweeatisinfluencedbysomanythings:ourgeography,ourhistory,ourclimateandourlifestyles.Sojustasacountry
Bythemid-19thcenturymostofEuropewasinthefirststageofthedemographictransition.Deathratehaddecreased,aswars,
FionathoughtthatMartin’stutorialtopicwasinterestingatfirst.
(92)AREPORTthisweekthatwillallowBritishscientiststotakethefirststepsdowntheroadofhumancloningislikelytod
TheAmericanbabyboomafterthewarmadeunconvincingU.S.advicetopoorcountriesthattheyrestraintheirbirths.However,t
ScientistssaytherehasbeenaseveredecreaseintheamountofwaterinLakeChadinnorthernAfricainthelastthirtyyears.
Neitheroftheyoungmenwhohadappliedforapositionintheuniversity______.
Thewomanhasbeento______countries.
随机试题
关于心脏压塞的体征,错误的是
完整的门诊病历包括()
关于放射性骨坏死的临床病理表现,错误的是()
病人王女士。因肺心病收住院治疗,护士巡视病房发现病人口唇发绀,血气分析结果显示:PaO25.6kPa,PaCO29.3kPa。护士为病人提供的用氧方式为
有关胃肠钡餐检查前的准备,下列哪些正确?()
根据《标准施工招标文件》(2007年版)通用合同条款,承包人可能同时获得工期和费用补偿、但不能获得利润补偿的索赔事件有()。【2016年真题】
阀门的设置位置应便于操作使用,阀门的中心距箱侧面为()mm,距箱后内表面为100mm,允许偏差±5mm。
A、 B、 C、 D、 C此题的解题点是图形的数量。第一组图的三个图形分别是由数量为3、4、5的相同的小图形组成,数量依次增加。第二组图的前两个图形的数量是4、5,按照规律可知,组成第三个图形的小图形数量应该
设有以下说明语句:structex{intx;floaty;charz;}example;则下面叙述中不正确的是()。
Thepassagesaysthateveryanimalisalivingradiatorbecauseit______.Theamountofoxygenananimalusesdetermine______
最新回复
(
0
)