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Since the dawn of human ingenuity，people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous，boring，burdens

admin2020-03-28  71
问题     Since the dawn of human ingenuity，people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous，boring，burdensome，or just plain nasty．That compulsion has resulted in robotics——the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines．And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction，they have begun to come close．
  As a result，the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor．Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms．Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction．Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers．And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics，there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone．
    But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility，they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves——goals that pose a real challenge．“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error，”says Dave Lavery，manager of a
robotics program at NASA．“we can’t yet give a robot enough ‘common sense’ to reliably interact with a dynamic world．”
  Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results．Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010，researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries．
    What they found，in attempting to model thought，is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented——and human perception far more complicated——than previously imagined．They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment．But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant，instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd．The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability，and neuroscientists still don’t know quite how we do it．
The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are__________．
选项 A、expected to copy human brain in internal structure
B、able to perceive abnormalities immediately
C、far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information
D、best used in a controlled environment
答案C
解析 细节题。根据关键词定位到最后一段。该段的主要意思是：机器人能够在很短的时间内发现机器的问题，而人脑能很快忽略不相关的信息，并将注意力集中到相关的信息上来，这是先进的机器人做不到的。因此C项“比起人类大脑来说机器人对于聚焦相关信息的能力还差得远”正确。A项“期待能在内部结构上与人类大脑相同”。这个看上去似乎有道理，但是题目问的是提到猴子的目的是什么，因此和人类大脑没关系。所以排除该选项。B项“立刻能察觉到异常情况”。这个与原文本意相反，原文是说机器人在反应异常变化的能力上还差得远。因此排除。D项“在受控环境下能被最好地利用”，没有根据，因此排除。故本题选C。
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