首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What are feelings for? Most nonscientists will find this a strange question. Feelings justify themselves. Emotions give meaning
What are feelings for? Most nonscientists will find this a strange question. Feelings justify themselves. Emotions give meaning
admin
2010-07-06
97
问题
What are feelings for? Most nonscientists will find this a strange question. Feelings justify themselves. Emotions give meaning and depth to life. They need, serve no other purpose in order to exist. On the other hand, many evolutionary biologists, in contrast to animal behaviorists, acknowledge some emotions primarily for their survival function. For both animals and humans, fear motivates the avoidance of danger, love is necessary to care for young, and anger prepares one to hold ground. But the fact that a behavior functions to serve survival need not mean that that is why it is done. Other scientists have attributed the same behavior to conditioning, to learned responses. Certainly reflexes and fixed action patterns can occur without feeling or conscious thought. A gull chick pecks at a red spot above it. The parent has a red spot on its bill; the chick pecks the parent’s bill. The gull parent feeds its chick when pecked on the bill. The baby gets fed. The interaction need have no emotional content.
At the same time, there is no reason why such actions cannot have emotional content. In mammals—including humans—that have given birth, mill is often released automatically when a new baby cries. This is not under voluntary control; it is reflex. Yet this does not mean that feeding a new baby is exclusively reflex and expresses no feeling like love. Humans have feeling about their behavior even if it is conditioned or reflexive. Yet since reflexes exist, and conditioned behavior is widespread, measurable, and observable, most scientists try to explain animal behavior using only these concepts. It is simpler.
Preferring to explain behavior in ways that fit science’s methods most easily, scientists have refused-to consider any causes for animal behavior other than reflexive and conditioned ones. Scientific orthodoxy (正统) holds that what cannot be readily measured or tested cannot exist, or is unworthy of serious attention. But emotional explanations for animal behavior need not be impossibly complex or unstable. They are just more difficult for the scientific method to verify in the usual ways, cleverer and more sophisticated approaches are called for. Most branches of science are more willing to make successive approximations to what may prove ultimately unknowable, rather than ignoring it altogether.
The example of a gull chick pecking the parent’s bill illustrates that
选项
A、behaviors can be learned responses and have no emotional content.
B、some animals have no emotions.
C、it takes time for animals to be conditioned.
D、emotions are very important to survival.
答案
A
解析
本题考查推理判断。第一段称:其他科学家认为行为来自条件反射conditioning和后天的学习(learned response)。接下来作者举了幼鸥条件反射般啄食的例子。可以看出,作者举此例子的目的在于阐述“行为来自条件反射和后天学习”的观点。其他选项均不能说明这个例子的真正含义。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/4eDd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Whydoesthewomansayshehasmixedfeeling?
Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatscientistsnowgenerallyagreethatthe______.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassageth
Manyphrasesusedtodescribemonetarypolicy,suchas"steeringtheeconomytoasoftlanding"or"atouchonthebrakes",make
Whatdoesthephrase"fromvariouscomersofthiscountry"probablymean?WhattheChicagoPublicschoolspreferstoinlanguag
Youhavebeentaughtbymanyteachers.Theyareverydifferentfromeachother.Sometreattheirteachingseriously;somegetal
AfterhebecameChancellorHitlerhadtoacceptacertaindegreeofroutine.Thiswasagainsthisnaturalinclination.Hehated
AfterhebecameChancellorHitlerhadtoacceptacertaindegreeofroutine.Thiswasagainsthisnaturalinclination.Hehated
Predictionsofmanyrobotsinindustryhaveyetcometrue.Fortenyearsormore,manufacturersofbigrobotshaveexplainedhow
Greenspacefacilitiesarecontributingtoanimportantextenttothequalityoftheurbanenvironment.Fortunatelyitisnolon
Allthewisdomoftheages,allthestoriesthathavedelightedmankindforcenturies,areeasilyandcheaply【21】______toal
随机试题
张某因病住院,医生手术时误将一肾脏摘除。张某向法院起诉,请求医院赔偿治疗费用和精神损害抚慰金。法院审理期间,张某术后感染医治无效死亡。对此,下列表述正确的是()。
皮肤温度的影响因素有
结核性腹膜炎最常见的并发症是
某构筑物根据使用要求设置一钢结构夹层,钢材采用Q235钢,结构平面布置如图20—22(Z)所示。构件之间连接均为铰接。抗震设防烈度为8度。假定,不考虑平台板对钢梁的侧向支承作用。试问,采取下列何项措施对增加梁的整体稳定性最为有效?
中央银行是()的供给主体。
【背景资料】某大学图书馆进行装修改造,根据施工设计和使用功能的要求,采用大量的轻质隔墙。外墙采用建筑幕墙,承揽该装修改造工程的施工单位根据《建筑装饰装修工程质量验收标准》(GB50210-2018)规定,对工程细部构造施工质量的控制做了大量的工作。该施
在存储一个汉字内码的两个字节中,每个字节的最高位是()。
报关企业注册登记许可应当具备的条件包括()。
纳税人采取预收货款结算方式销售应税消费品的,其消费税纳税义务发生时间为()。
=____________.
最新回复
(
0
)