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Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctors of philosophy candidates and the consequent

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问题    Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctors of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.s. Some have placed the dropouts’ loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.
   The dropouts rate was found to be 31 percent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph.D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.
   Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated "because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph.D. programs were capable of completing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph.D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D."
   "The results of our research" Dr. Tucker concluded, "did not support these opinions." Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out. Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialties. Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.
   Nearly 75 percent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph.D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 percent.
   As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving ＄20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph.D. s with that background reached this figure. The Ph.D. s shone in the ＄7,500 to ＄15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph.D.s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
   As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25% of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.
After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that ______.
选项 A、optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph.D.dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree
B、a Ph.D.dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree
C、colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.D.dropouts
D、D.Ph.D.s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions
答案A
解析 读完这篇文章，人们不会有这种结论。这在第三段末和最后一段中均有提到。第三段末：“我们研究的结果并不支持这些意见(包括返回校园的意见)：(1)缺乏动力是退学的主要原因。(2)大多数退学者在博士课程上已经达到和他们的能力水平和专业水平相一致的水平。(3)大多数退学者现在从事的工作和他们所受的教育和动机相一致。”最后一段：“至于返回校园的可能性，前景并不乐观。至少有25%的退学学生可能考虑返回研究生院就读，条件是保证他们保留现有的收入水平，有些还要保留他们目前的工作。”
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