2. 外语
  3. In an article some Chinese scholars are described as being "tantalized by the mysterious dragon bone hieroglyphics." Tantalized

In an article some Chinese scholars are described as being "tantalized by the mysterious dragon bone hieroglyphics." Tantalized

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问题    In an article some Chinese scholars are described as being "tantalized by the mysterious dragon bone hieroglyphics." Tantalized is one of many English words that have their origins in myths and legends of the past (in this case, Greek and Roman ones). The meaning of the verb tantalize is a very particular one: "to promise or show something desirable to a person and then take it away; to tease by arousing hope." Many (but not all) English dictionaries give you a brief indication of a word’s origins in brackets before or after the explanation of the meaning. For tantalize the following explanation is given: [> Tantalus]. This means that you should look up the name Tantalus to find out the word’s origins, and if you do, you will find out that in Greek mythology, Tantalus was a king who was punished in the lower world with eternal hunger and thirst; he was put up to his chin in water that always moved away when he tried to drink it and with fruit on branches above him placed just a little bit out of his reach. Can you see why his name was changed into a verb meaning "to tease or torment by arousing desire"?
   Another example is the word siren, familiar to us as the mechanical device that makes such an alarming sound when police cars, ambulances, or fire engines approach. This word also has its origins in Greek mythology. The traveler Odysseus (Ulysses to the Romans) made his men plug their ears so that they wouldn’t hear the dangerous voices of the sirens, creatures who were half bird and half woman and who lured sailors to their deaths on sharp rocks. So the word came to be associated both with a loud sound and with danger!
   When someone speaks of a "jovial mood " or a "herculean effort" he or she is using words with origins in mythology. Look these words up to find their meaning and relationship to myths.
   Many common words, such as the names for the days of the week and the months of the year, also come from mythology. Wednesday derives from the ancient Norse king of the gods, Woden, and Thursday was originally Thor’s day, in honour of Thor, the god of thunder. As a matter of fact, all the planets, except the one we live on, bear names that come from Roman mythology, including the planet that is farthest away from the sun and for that reason was called after the Roman god of the dead. This god has also given his name to one of the chemical elements. Several other elements have names that come from mythology, too.
   It seems that myths and legends live on in the English language.
Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
选项 A、Mythological Origins of English Words
B、Historical Changes in Word Meanings
C、Greek and Roman Mythology in Language
D、Mythology and Common Words
答案A
解析 通览全文可以看出，文章都在讲英语单词的词源。第一段讲了英语单词tantalize起源于希腊神话，然后第二段又讲了英语单词siren也起源于希腊神话，第三段讲了词组“jovial mood”or a“herculean effort，”它们的意思也起源于神话。最后一段又讲了一些常用的英语单词，如星期几和月份，也起源于神话，然后又讲了一些星球的名字也起源于神话。据此可知，本文的主题是英语单词的神话起源，因此选择A。
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