首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Data sharing: An open mind on open data [A] It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software co
Data sharing: An open mind on open data [A] It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software co
admin
2021-01-08
33
问题
Data sharing: An open mind on open data
[A] It is a movement building steady momentum: a call to make research data, software code and experimental methods publicly available and transparent. A spirit of openness is gaining acceptance in the science community, and is the only way, say advocates, to address a ’ crisis’ in science whereby too few findings are successfully reproduced. Furthermore, they say, it is the best way for researchers to gather the range of observations that are necessary to speed up discoveries or to identify large-scale trends.
[B] The open-data shift poses a confusing problem for junior researchers. On the one hand, the drive to share is gathering official steam. Since 2013, global scientific bodies have begun to back policies that support increased public access to research. On the other hand, scientists disagree about how much and when they should share data, and they debate whether sharing it is more likely to accelerate science and make it more robust, or to introduce vulnerabilities and problems. As more journals and funders adopt data-sharing requirements, and as a growing number of enthusiasts call for more openness, junior researchers must find their place between adopters and those who continue to hold out, even as they strive to launch! their own careers.
[C] One key challenge facing young scientists is how to be open without becoming Scientifically vulnerable. They must determine the risk of jeopardizing a job offer or a collaboration proposal from those who are wary of—or unfamiliar with—open science. And they must learn how to capitalize on the movement’s benefits, such as opportunities for more citations and a way to build a reputation without the need fdr conventional metrics, such as publication in high-impact journals.
[D] Some fields have embraced open data more than others. Researchers in psychology, a field rocked by findings of reproducibility in the past few years, have been especially vocal supporters of the drive for more-open science. A few psychology journals have created incentives to increase interest in reproducible science—for example, by affixing an ’ open-data’ badge to articles that clearly state where data are available. According to social psychologist Brian Nosek, executive director of the Center for Open Science, the average data-sharing rate for the journal Psychological Science, which uses the badges, increased tenfold to 38% from 2013 to 2015.
[E] Funders, too, are increasingly adopting an open-data policy. Several strongly encourage, and some require, a data-management plan that makes data available. The US National Science Foundation is among these. Some philanthropic(慈善的)funders, including the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation in Seattle, Washington, and the Wellcome Trust in London, also mandate open data from their grant recipients.
[F] But many young researchers, especially those who have not been mentored in open science, are uncertain about whether to share or to stay private. Graduate students and postdocs, who often are working on their lab head’s grant, may have no choice if their supervisor or another senior colleague opposes sharing.
[G] Some fear that the potential impact of sharing is too high, especially at the early stages of a career. "Everybody has a scary story about someone getting scooped(被抢先)," says New York University astronomer David Hogg. Those fears may be a factor in a lingering hesitation to share data even when publishing in journals that mandate it.
[H] Researchers at small labs or at institutions focused on teaching arguably have the most to lose when sharing hard-won data. "With my institution and teaching load, I don’t have postdocs and grad students," says Terry McGlynn, a tropical biologist at California State University, Dominguez Hills. " The stakes are higher for me to share data because it’s a bigger fraction of what’s happening in my lab. "
[I] Researchers also point to the time sink that is involved in preparing data for others to view. Once the data and associated materials appear in a repository(存储库), answering questions and handling complaints can take many hours.
[J] The time investment can present other problems. In some cases, says data scientist Karthik Ram, it may be difficult for junior researchers to embrace openness when senior colleagues—many of whom head selection and promotion committees—might ridicule what they may view as misplaced energies. " I’ve heard this recently—that embracing the idea of open data and code makes traditional academics uncomfortable," says Ram. " The concern seems to be that open advocates don’t spend their time being as productive as possible. "
[K] An open-science stance can also add complexity to a collaboration. Kate Ratliff, who studies social attitudes at the University of Florida, Gainesville, says that it can seem as if there are two camps in a field—those who care about open science and those who don’t. " There’s a new area to navigate—’Are you cool with the fact that I’ll want to make the data open?’ —when talking with somebody about an interesting research idea," shy says.
[L] Despite complications and concerns, the upsides of sharing can be significant. For example, when information is uploaded to a repository, a digital object identifier(DOI)is assigned. Scientists can use a DOI to publish each step of the research life cycle, not just the final paper. In so doing, they can potentially get three citations—one each for the data and software, in addition to the paper itself. And although some say that citations for software or data have little currency in academia, they can have other benefits.
[M] Many advocates think that transparent data procedures with a date and time stamp will protect scientists from being scooped. "This is the sweet spot between sharing and getting credit for it, while discouraging plagiarism(剽窃)," says Ivo Grigorov, a project coordinator at the National Institute of Aquatic Resources Research Secretariat in Charlottenlund, Denmark. Hogg says that scooping is less of a problem than many think. " The two cases I’m familiar with didn’t involve open data or code," he says.
[N] Open science also offers junior researchers the chance to level the playing field by gaining better access to crucial data. Ross Mounce, a postdoc studying evolutionary biology at the University of Cambridge, UK, is a vocal champion of open science, partly because his fossil-based research depends on access to others’ data. He says that more openness in science could help to discourage what some perceive as a common practice of shutting out early-career scientists’ requests for data.
[O] Communication also helps for those who worry about jeopardizing a collaboration, he says. Concerns about open science should be discussed at the outset of a study. " Whenever you start a project with someone, you have to establish a clear understanding of expectations for who owns the data, at what point they go public and who can do what with them," he says.
[P] In the end, sharing data, software and materials with colleagues can help an early-career researcher to gain recognition—a crucial component of success. "The thing you are searching for is reputation," says Titus Brown, a genomics(基因组学)researcher at the University of California, Davis. "To get grants and jobs, you have to be relevant and achieve some level of public recognition. Anything you do that advances your presence—especially in a larger sphere, outside the communities you know—is a net win. "
Data sharing enables scientists to publish each step of their research work, thus leading to more citations.
选项
答案
L
解析
[L]段提到,科学家可使用这个数字对象标识符来公布研究周期的每一个步骤,而不仅仅是最终的论文。这样一来,他们就可能获得三次引用。题干中的their research work对应原文中的the research life cycle,故答案为[L]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/4qP7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Thefactorsthataffectourdecision-making.B、Somewaystodevelopourskillsandtalents.C、Someguidelinesonhuntingpart-
Whatifwecouldreadthemindofaterrorist?ResearchersatNorthwesternUniversityinChicagosaytheyhavetakenastepclos
Makingchoicesishard.ThatwouldbewhyresearcherMoranCerfhaseliminateditfromhislife.Asarule,healwayschoosesth
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessaytoexpressyourviewsonthephenomenonofexcessivespendinga
A、Itstillcanbeused.B、Itwillbreakdown.C、Itshouldbethrownaway.D、Itwillbecomebent.A
Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaycommentingontheproverb"Hewhomakesnomistakesmakesnothing."
A、Ithasseenasteadydeclineinitsprofits.B、Ithasbecomemuchmorecompetitive.C、Ithaslostmanycustomerstoforeignco
A、Thestripsofaspecialplant.B、Woodorthebarkoftrees.C、Worn-outclothandstraw.D、Somecommonchemicals.A
A、Beinghealthierandstronger.B、Beingmorecreativeandflexible.C、Beingmorebraveanddecisive.D、Beingmoreeasygoingand
A、Thedepressingcoldweather.B、Thebadeconomicsituation.C、Unhealthydiet.D、Drugsandalcohol.B细节题。根据文中提到的Theeconomiccri
随机试题
A.形寒肢冷B.呼多吸少C.遗精D.小儿骨骼痿软肾精不足可见
Itwas______theinstrumentswerehandled.
胰岛素对脂肪代谢的影响是
()适用于采购标的额较大、市场竞争比较激烈的设备供应,易于使采购人获得较为有利的合同价格。
不容许风险的危险值分值应大于()。
在Word中,当前插入点在表格中某行的最后一个单元格内(如图所示),若在未设定固定行高时敲回车键,则()。
科技资源的分散不仅无法保障科技投入的使用效率,更重要的是无法让有限的科技资源聚焦国家战略决策和重大部署,推动我国科技在重大关键领域的跨越式进步。培育和发展战略性新兴产业是我国当前面临的重大战略机遇。每一个新兴产业领域的推进都是一项系统工程,不仅要选择好方向
当前和今后一段时间,我国政治体制改革的主要任务是
下列关于SQLServer2008视图的说法,错误的是()。
A.dietB.regularlyC.healthyD.commonlyE.reducedF.samplesG.containsH.par
最新回复
(
0
)