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  3. The question of whether languages shape the way we think go back centuries; Charlemagne proclaimed that " to have a second【S1】__

The question of whether languages shape the way we think go back centuries; Charlemagne proclaimed that " to have a second【S1】__

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问题     The question of whether languages shape the way we think
go back centuries; Charlemagne proclaimed that " to have a second【S1】______
language is to have a second soul". But the idea went out of favor to【S2】______
scientists when Noam Chomsky’s theories of language gained
popularity in the 1960s and 1970s. Dr. Chomsky proposed that
there was a universal grammar for all human languages—essentially,【S3】______
that languages don’t really differ from one another in significant
ways. And because languages didn’t differ from one another, the
theory went, it made none sense to ask whether linguistic differences【S4】______
led to differences in thinking.
    The search for the linguistic universals yielded interesting【S5】______
data on languages, and after decades of work, not a single【S6】______
proposing universal has withstood scrutiny. Instead, as linguists【S7】______
probed deeper into the world’s languages(7,000 or so, only a
fraction of them analyzed), innumerable predictable differences【S8】______
emerged.
    Of course, just because people talk differently doesn’t
necessarily mean they think differently. In the past decade,
cognitive scientists have begun to measure not just how people talk,
also how they think, asking whether our understanding of even such【S9】______
fundamental domains of experience that space, time and causality【S10】______
could be constructed by language.
【S7】
选项
答案proposing—proposed
解析 非谓语动词误用。universal和propose之间是动宾关系，应该用过去分词修饰名词universal，故将proposing改为proposed。
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