2. 考研
  3. Our hypothesis is that immigrants, who often do not speak the language and do not master the culture and norms of the host count

Our hypothesis is that immigrants, who often do not speak the language and do not master the culture and norms of the host count

admin2022-05-13  2
问题 Our hypothesis is that immigrants, who often do not speak the language and do not master the culture and norms of the host country, are concentrated in more manual-routine tasks (especially among less educated groups). The inflow of immigrants thus increases the supply of manual skills relative to the supply of abstract skills with two effects:
　　Due to the complementarity between these types of skills, the increase in the supply of manual tasks boosts relative compensation for complex skills, making them better paid.
　　Exploiting their comparative advantage, natives move to occupations requiring a relatively higher level of these skills.
　　This positive reallocation and the complementarity of tasks can explain the lack of negative employment effects as well as the potential positive wage effects of immigration on native workers.
　　So here’s how it all shakes out. Low-skilled immigration reduces economic inequality when we set aside nationalist assumptions and focus on people instead of populations. Even if we cling to analytical and moral nationalism, low-skilled immigration doesn’t happen to increase measured inequality. On the contrary, complementaries between the skills of migrant and native workers can leave natives better off than they would have been with less immigration.
选项
答案 我们假设这些移民在寄居国由于在语言、文化及社会规范方面存在差异，更多地集中于体力工作上(受教育程度较低的移民群体更是如此)。因此这些移民的涌入增加了体力劳动力供给，从而相对于脑力劳动力产生了以下两种影响： 　　一、由于体力与脑力劳动的互补性，体力劳动力的增加相对补偿了脑力劳动，使得脑力劳动的报酬有所增加。 　　二、寄居国劳动力利用自身优势更多地流向劳动技术水平要求相对较高的职位。 　　这种对劳动力积极的重新分配和互补性不仅抵消了移民带来的就业冲击，而且对寄居国劳动力的工资上涨带来积极的影响。 　　所以移民的影响可见一斑。如果我们撇开民族因素，将视角集中于人而非人口层面，低技术移民确实有助于减轻经济的不平等性。即使用分析法从民族道义看待此问题，低技术移民也未免会加重有形的不平等性。相反，移民工人与寄居国工人劳动的互补性，使得寄居国工人从大量移民中获得了更多的利益。
解析     先通读全文，前两段是论点，最后一段是结论，三段文字紧密联系。第一句较长，who引导的非限制性定语从句在句中相当于插入语成分，这样句子主干成分就明确了。翻译成汉语可分成两句话：“假设这些移民更多地集中于体力工作上，(源于)他们的语言不同，而且文化及社会规范与寄居国也有异。”但从简洁角度出发，可以将两句并为一句“我们假设这些移民由于语言、文化及社会规范的差异，更多地集中于体力工作上。”abstract skills与manual skills相对应，后者意义明确为体力劳动，从而反推前者译成脑力劳动较字面的抽象劳动更合适。类似下文又出现了complex skills与labor skills对应，比较：复杂的劳动与脑力劳动两种译法哪一种更为合适。
　　第三段第一句话很短，“So here’s how it all shakes out.”但翻译起来有一定难度，首先是it指代什么?应该是移民问题及其影响；其次shake out这一非正式用法，如果局限于字面意义“散开/抖开、摊开”，则翻译过来显得不知所云，需要通过上下文语境理解其引申词义，翻译成“综上所述/由此可见”等。最后一句话也是翻译的难点“On the contrary, complementaries between the skills of migrant and native workers can leave natives better off than they would have been with less immigration.”这里我们需要调整一下汉语的表达方式，同时要注意两种语言的差异，不要局限于字面的死译，英文用了两个比较级better off和less，翻译成汉语如果都译出就显得有些画蛇添足了，不如把后一个“比之较少移民”省去不译，意思没有受到影响，反而更简洁，可读性也更强。省译或减译是翻译中常用的一种方法。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/4qsa777K
本试题收录于： MBA联考（英语）题库专业硕士分类
0

MBA联考（英语）

专业硕士

相关试题推荐
随机试题
最新回复(0)