2. 考研
  3. Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance,

Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance,

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问题     Many objects in daily use have clearly been influenced by science, but their form and function, their dimensions and appearance, were determined by technologists artisans, designers, inventors, and engineers— using non-scientific modes of thought. Many features and qualities of the objects that a technologist thinks about cannot be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions; they are dealt with in the mind by a visual, nonverbal process. In the development of Western technology, it has been non-verbal thinking, by and large, that has fixed the outlines and filled in the details of our material surroundings. Pyramids, cathedrals, and rockets exist not because of geometry or thermodynamics, but because they were first a picture in the minds of those who built them. The creative shaping process of a technologist’s mind can be seen in nearly every artifact that exists. For example, in designing a diesel engine, a technologist might impress individual ways of nonverbal thinking on the machine by continually using an intuitive sense of Tightness and fitness. What would be the shape of the combustion chamber? Where should the valves be placed? Should it have a long or short piston? Such questions have a range of answers that are supplied by experience, by physical requirements, by limitations of available space, and not least by a sense of form. Some decisions, such as wall thickness and pin diameter, may depend on scientific calculations, but the nonscientific component of design remains primary.
    Design courses, then, should be an essential element in engineering curricula. Nonverbal thinking, a central mechanism in engineering design, involves perceptions, the stock-in-trade of the artist, not the scientist. Because perceptive processes are not assumed to entail "hard thinking," nonverbal thought is sometimes seen as a primitive stage in the development of cognitive processes and inferior to verbal or mathematical thought. But it is paradoxical that when the staff of the Historic American Engineering Record wished to have drawings made of machines and isometric views of industrial processes for its historical record of American engineering, the only college students with the requisite abilities were not engineering students, but rather students attending architectural schools.
    If courses in design, which in a strongly analytical engineering curriculum provide the background required for practical problem-solving, are not provided, we can expect to encounter silly but costly errors occurring in advanced engineering systems. For example, early models of high-speed railroad cars loaded with sophisticated controls were unable to operate in a snowstorm because a fan sucked snow into the electrical system. Absurd random failure that plague automatic control systems are not merely trivial aberrations; they are a reflection of the chaos that results when design is assumed to be primarily a problem in mathematics.  
The author calls the predicament faced by the Historic American Engineering Record "paradoxical" most probably because________.
选项 A、the publication needed drawings that its own staff could not make
B、college students were qualified to make the drawings while practicing engineers were not
C、architectural schools offered but did not require engineering design courses for their students
D、engineering students weren’t trained to make the type of drawings needed to record development of their own discipline
答案D
解析 事实细节题。根据paradoxical定位到第二段第四句。该句提到，为美国历史工程档案绘制图纸的，不是工程专业的学生，也就是工程专业的学生因为没学过设计而不能绘制本专业的发展史，故答案为D项。文中没有提到出版物或出版单位的员工，故排除A项。该句指的是工程专业的学生不能绘图，故排除B项。文中没有提及建筑学院的设计课程，故排除C项。
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