首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Ask someone to name a famous psychologist, and chances are they will pick Sigmund Freud, the bearded Austrian academic who came
Ask someone to name a famous psychologist, and chances are they will pick Sigmund Freud, the bearded Austrian academic who came
admin
2013-09-16
48
问题
Ask someone to name a famous psychologist, and chances are they will pick Sigmund Freud, the bearded Austrian academic who came up with the idea of psychoanalysis.【F1】
His ideas about the unconscious—a sort of shadowy basement of the mind that is inaccessible to rational thought, but which nevertheless influences people’s behaviour—are part of popular folklore.
Although it remained popular at dinner parties, the idea of the unconscious fell out of favour among 20th-century psychologists, thanks to the rise of more scientific approaches to psychology. These focused purely on studying behaviour and refrained from theorising about the inner workings of the mind.
In his latest book, Subliminal, Leonard Mlodinow, a theoretical physicist who has been developing a nice sideline in popular science writing, shows how the idea of the unconscious has become respectahle again over the past couple of decades.【F2】
This development has been helped by rigorous experimental evidence of the effects of the subconscious and, especially, by real-time brain-scanning technology that allows researchers to examine what is going on in their subjects’ heads.
【F3】
That experimental evidence suggests that, as Freud suspected, conscious reasoning makes up a comparatively small part of the activity in our brains, with most of the work taking place where we can’t tap into it.
However, unlike Freud’s unconscious(a hot place full of repressed memories and inappropriate sexual fantasies about one’s parents)the modern unconscious is a place of super-fast data processing, useful survival mechanisms and rules of thumb about the world that have been developed by millions of years of evolution.
The modern view of the unconscious mind may be more benign than Freud’s, but it can still generate unwelcome impulses.【F4】
Psychologists theorise that the well-documented tendency of humans to categorise almost every piece of information they come across is a survival mechanism that evolved to aid quick decision making.
Yet it may also lie behind the tendency for human beings to group people into races, genders, creeds and the like, and then to apply certain characteristics—unjustifiably—to every member of that group.
The insights offered by modern science into the workings of the human mind are fascinating in their own right. But they also suggest that plenty of conventional wisdom about how humans behave may need rethinking.【F5】
Mr Mlodinow notes that economic models, for instance, are built "on the assumption that people make decisions.. . by consciously weighing the relevant factors", whereas the psychological research suggests that, most of the time, they do no such thing.
Instead, they act on the basis of simple, unconscious rules that can sometimes produce completely irrational results. There is good news in the book; people informed of the biases and pitfalls of their unconscious brains are better at using their conscious minds to overrule them.
【F3】
选项
答案
实验证实了弗洛伊德的猜测,有意识的推理只是大脑活动中相对较小的一部分,而大部分的活动则发生于我们无法探求的领域。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/56O4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthephenomenamentionedatthebeginningofthetextisoneofWhichofthefollowingisclosest
Illiteracymaybeconsideredmoreasanabstractconceptthanacondition.WhenafamousEnglishwriterusedthe(1)_____overt
Illiteracymaybeconsideredmoreasanabstractconceptthanacondition.WhenafamousEnglishwriterusedthe(1)_____overt
Studythepictureabovecarefullyandwriteanessayentitled"Cars:ShouldWeLoveThemorHateThem?"Intheessay,youshould
We’vejustinstalledcentralheating,______shouldmakeatremendousdifferencetothehousenextwriter.
Customhasnotcommonlybeenregardedasasubjectofanygreatmoment.Itistheinnerworkingofownbrainsthatwefeelt
Fordecades,apocalypticenvironmentalists(andothers)havewarnedofhumanity’simminentdoom,largelyasaresultofourunsu
Environmentalistsrejoice;ExxonMobilisonyourside.Well,sortof.Inhischaracteristicallyplain-speakingway,RexTillers
Environmentalistsrejoice;ExxonMobilisonyourside.Well,sortof.Inhischaracteristicallyplain-speakingway,RexTillers
随机试题
ITu-R(InternationalTelecommunicationUnion-Radio)负责()标准的制定。
消费者初次选购价格昂贵、购买次数较小、冒风险的商品,此类购买行为类型是()
本周蛋白尿、血红蛋白尿和肌红蛋白尿称为
《预算法》的主要内容包括预算管理职权、预算收支范围、预算编制、预算审查和批准、预算执行、预算调整、决算、监督和法律责任等。()
A公司是一个生产和销售通信器材的股份公司。假设该公司适用的所得税税率为25%。对于明年的预算出现三种意见:方案一:维持目前的生产和财务政策。预计销售4.5万件,售价为240元/件,单位变动成本为200元,固定成本为120万元。公司的资本结构为负债400万
平行结转分步法的成本核算对象是各种产品及其经过的各个生产步骤中的成本份额。()
阅读下面材料,回答问题。……正是严冬天气,彤云密布,朔风渐起,却早纷纷扬扬卷下一天大雪来……只说林冲就床上放了包裹被卧,就坐下生些焰火起来。屋后有一堆柴炭,拿几块来,生在地炉里。仰面看那草屋时,四下里崩坏了,又被朔风吹撼,摇振得动。林冲道:“这屋如何过得
下列事项应当设立行政许可的是( )
下列对继承的说法,()是正确的。
A.littleB.unansweredC.detectD.inevitablyE.deepF.dropG.uselessH.
最新回复
(
0
)