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  3. Peacocks strut; bowerbirds build lovenests; spiders giftwrap flies in silk. 【F1】 Such courtship rituals play an important role i

Peacocks strut; bowerbirds build lovenests; spiders giftwrap flies in silk. 【F1】 Such courtship rituals play an important role i

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问题     Peacocks strut; bowerbirds build lovenests; spiders giftwrap flies in silk. 【F1】 Such courtship rituals play an important role in what Charles Darwin called sexual selection: when the female of a species bears most of the costs of reproduction, males use extravagant displays and gifts to demonstrate their "reproductive fitness" and females choose between them. For human males, shards of a crystalline form of carbon often feature. A diamond engagement ring signals a man’s taste, wealth and commitment, all to persuade a woman that he is a good bet.
Now, that promise is dimming. Though a growing Chinese middle class will probably prop up demand for a while, millennials in Western countries seem keener on memorable experiences than on bling. 【F2】 Diamonds’ image has been blemished by some being mined in warzones and sold to pay for the fighting. Meanwhile, laboratory-grown "synthetic" diamonds, long fit only for industrial use, are becoming good enough to compete with gems from out of the ground.
    Greater equality for women might seem to render male-courtship displays redundant. But mating preferences evolved over millennia and will not change quickly. If diamonds were to cease being a way to signal a man’s marriageability, what might take their place?
    A different gift, perhaps. In China skewed sex ratios mean that a prospective bridegroom must own an apartment and shower his future in-laws with cash. But a glittering stone goes to the woman, not her family. 【F3】 And it is more than a gift; it is a status symbol, demonstrating that even as a man approaches the expenses of married life, he can still splash out on a bauble. Or a man could rely on more generic forms of display, such as a fancy degree, good job or sharp suit. But these can impress one woman as easily as another, or several simultaneously. He must show commitment—a need not unique to courtship. Salvadoran gangsters get extravagant tattoos; Japanese yakuza cut off a fingertip. These visible signs of allegiance make it hard to defect, and impose heavy costs. But as marriage proposals they would fall short.  Few women would feel proud to carry around their fiancé’s severed pinkie.
    Love is a multifaceted thing.
    【F4】 Many millennial women seek a mate who is creative, charitable and earns enough not to live with his parents. The millionaire founder of a startup that makes an app to teach yoga to orphans would be ideal. 【F5】 As a token of his commitment, a suitor might offer the object of his affections 51% of his shares—so much nicer than a joint bank account. Less eligible men could offer instead to link Uber accounts , thus entwining the couple’s reputations: their joint five-star rating would be at risk if either misbehaved. Uber-linking would also allow each to keep track of the other’s whereabouts, discouraging infidelity. Whatever ultimately replaces diamonds, it will surely be digital, not worn on a digit.
【F1】
选项
答案这种求偶仪式在查尔斯?达尔文的性选择理论中起到了举足轻重的作用：雌性在繁殖中承担重任时，雄性会通过酷炫的表演以及赠送贵重的礼物来证明自己的“繁殖适应能力”，从而让雌性从中作出选择。
解析 本句是复合句。主句主语是courtship rituals，谓语是play，宾语是an important role，in引导状语，其宾语是以what引导的宾语从句；冒号后引导的句子为同位语从句。when引导的为条件状语从句，该同位语从句的主干是males use displays and gifts。冒号在不同场合用法和意义皆不同，具体来说主要有以下几种：1)解释说明；2)承接因果；3)举例或罗列；4)用于引用；5)隔开正副标题；6)用于正式信件的称呼后(美式)；7)表示时间；8)表示比例。此句中的冒号作用应为解释说明，例：May I offer you a suggestion：don’t drive without your seat belts fastened．给你一个建议：开车一定要系安全带。当涉及冒号的翻译时我们需要根据不同的语境去判断其表达的不同意思。
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