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  3. We are at the very core of every communication we engage in. Even when we are not engaged in interpersonal communication, we are

We are at the very core of every communication we engage in. Even when we are not engaged in interpersonal communication, we are

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问题      We are at the very core of every communication we engage in. Even when we are not engaged in interpersonal communication, we are probably engaged in intrapersonal communication, i.e. communication within ourselves.
     There are some fairly obvious and visible forms of intrapersonal communication, such as when we check off our purchases on a shopping list, or keep post-it notes to remind ourselves of appointments. We also quite literally talk to ourselves; at my age, "What am I about to do next?" or even "What the hell am I doing here?" are becoming increasingly common questions I ask myself. You’ll hear some people speaking aloud to themselves. I recall an elderly theology professor who never stopped talking to himself about moor philosophical problems which made it particularly interesting watching him trying to eat his soup, though it was advisable not to get too close.
     Actually, communication and medical professionals have researched the psycho physiological components of self-talk to conclude that what people say to themselves does affect their ability to combat and ward off ill- nesses.
     Self-talk, a part of intrapersonal communication, is a health behavior that has potentially far-reaching effects. Although it will most likely be used by those who have a high internal locus of control and place a high value on health, it can also help relatively healthy people in health "maintenance" programs. Self-talk is categorized as being positive or negative. As its label implies, positive self-talk has good implications for people’s mental and physical well-being. However, the negative is not all bad. The key to using self-talk is to strive for an appropriate balance between the two.
     The use of positive self-talk has been linked to the reduction of stress. Less stress, in turn, can effect other positive health changes. Serf-talk, like thoughts, is not neutral because it triggers behavior in either a positive or negative direction. Both thoughts and self-talk are based on beliefs which are formed early in life. Beliefs shape our self-talk, which in turn affects our self-esteem.
     However, negative thinldng as the "thinldng of choice," may not be so bad, because it heightens people’s sensitivity to the situation they are facing. They are likely to think more clearly. Ruth Dailey Gralnger in Thempy Research Institute,in Miami, Florida says, "Negative thinking, then, is the most productive, the most useful, and the healthiest thinking to adopt when risk is high."
     Instead of categorizing negative serf-talk as "negative," it might be better to call it "logical and accurate" serf-talk. Harriet B. Bralker emphasizes in Psychology Today (1989) the "responsible" use Of serf-talk. She warns against confusing positive inner dialogue with positive tingling, happy affirmations, or serf-delusions. Logical, accurate serf-talk recognizes personal short-comings, but also modifies them to help people define a plan of confection.
     Knowing that thought patterns generated by serf-talk affect health states, people can begin to control the power in their minds by taking an active role in deciding what to think, enhancing the positive messages they send themselves.  
Which of the following is NOT intrapersonal communication?
选项 A、Ticking your purchases on a shopping list.
B、Keeping notes to remind yourselves of appointments.
C、Making plans for the future.
D、Asking a theology professor about philosophical problems.
答案D
解析 细节理解题。对应原文第二段:There are some fairly obvious and visible forms of intrapersonal communication, such as .when we check off our purchases on a shopping list, or keep post-it notes to re- mind ourselves of appointments. We also quite literally talk to ourselves; at my age, ’What am I about to do next?’ or even ’What the hell am I doing here?’ are becoming increasingly common questions I ask myself.选项D属于人际交流，不属于个人与其内习的交流。答案是D。 check off 在......上加符号表示已核对，literally adv.实在地，不加夸张地
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