首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which true and false statements can be made; there is no abs
Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which true and false statements can be made; there is no abs
admin
2011-01-17
94
问题
Relativism amounts to the denial of an objective world about which true and
false statements can be made; there is no absolute truth, though there may be
many "relative truths". Scientific skepticism in its simplest form denies only
Line that we ever know, in the sense of establishing for certain, whether a
(5) statement made by us is absolutely true or false, for the grounds of what is
accepted as true themselves require grounds, thus initiating an infinite regress
of justification. In supplement, Hume noted that reports of experience,
observation and experiment, do not conclusively justify any prediction
concerning the future or more generally the unobserved, even if they are held
(10) to be so solidly based as to need no justification themselves. This may be
regarded as skepticism about induction, the principal by which Bacon famously
warranted inference from the known into the unknown. When we abandon the
dream of conclusive justification, Hume argued, we must become all the more
skeptical about opinions supported only by experience. Modern skeptics relish
(15) especially this second discovery of Hume’s: that there exist no grounds
whatever, conclusive or inconclusive, for anything that we claim to be certain
of.
Hume’s argument is indeed open to question, though we ought not assume
too quickly that his conclusion encourages relativism. Even if skepticism is
(20) correct, his argument does not concede anything to relativism, for skepticism
does not recommend universal suspension of judgment or the ruinous doctrine
that all rational opinion is justified opinion. The level-headed skeptic, the
critical rationalist, does not doubt that there is truth to be had, but thinks that
it may be had only by making a lucky guess. If one judges that there is life
(25) elsewhere in the galaxy, and the other judges the opposite, then one of them
has hit on a fragment of the truth.
Remorseless though the logic is, it is at this point that reasonable people
ask in incredulity: can it be seriously maintained that present-day science is
simply a more widely accepted form of study of UFOs, dianetics, and similar
(30) unseemly charlatanism? Scientific hypotheses are guesses no better backed by
observation and experiment, and have no more claim on our credulity, than the
fancies of pseudo-scientists. But science is more than the sum of its hypotheses,
its observations, and its experiments, for from the point of view of rationality,
science is above the critical method of searching for errors. What is wrong with
(35) pseudoscience is the manner in which it handles its hypotheses, not the
hypotheses themselves, though if they are designed to be unassailable and
unfalsifiable, then unassailed and unfalsified they doubtlessly remain.
Consequently, though a hypothesis that survives all criticism directed at it is
preferable to a hypothesis that dies, it does not become a better hypothesis
(40) through being tested.
In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with
选项
A、identifying the differences between science and pseudo-science as they relate to skepticism
B、stressing the importance of employing the scientific method to assuage skeptics
C、proposing a new scientific approach which answers the objections presented by skepticism
D、offering a model of skepticism that is both useful to science and avoids the pitfalls of relativism
E、explaining the difference between the assumptions made by relativists and those made by skeptics
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/5RjO777K
本试题收录于:
GRE VERBAL题库GRE分类
0
GRE VERBAL
GRE
相关试题推荐
Itisvery______ofyoutoarrangeanearlymeetingbetweenyourbossandourteam.
ThethemeoftheInternationalLiteracyDaythisyearistheconnectionbetweenliteracyandsustainabledevelopment.Literacyh
Itisdifficultforustoexplainphenomenathatwehavelittleor______directknowledge.
Understandingthistransitionrequiresalookatthetwo-sidedconnectionbetweenenergyandhumanwell-being.Energycontribu
Ecologyisthescienceofhowlivingcreaturesandplantsexisttogetheranddependoneachotherandonthelocalenvironment.
The9participantsinaraceweredividedinto3teamswith3runnersoneachteam.Ateamwasawarded6-npointsifoneofit
Twodivergentdefinitionshavedominatedsociologists’discussionsofthenatureofethnicity.Thefirstemphasizestheprimordi
Mapsmadebynon-NativeAmericanstodepictNativeAmericanlandtenure,resourcesandpopulationdistributionsappearedalmosta
KazukoNakane’shistoryoftheearlyJapaneseimmigrantstocentralCalifornia’sPajaroValleyfocusesonthedevelopmentoffa
QUIBBLES:OBJECTIONS::
随机试题
拥有世界上最大的电视新闻节目公司是()
A.胃液酸度升高B.胃液酸度正常或减少C.胃液酸度常减少D.胃液酸度明显升高E.胃液酸度明显减少胃泌素瘤
A.甲状腺癌B.甲状舌管囊肿C.单纯性甲状腺肿D.甲状腺腺瘤E.甲状腺功能亢进症男性,16岁,发现颈部单发性肿块3年。查体:甲状软骨部位有直径2cm大小的肿块,表面光滑,边界清楚,随伸舌、缩舌运动而上下移动,听诊血管杂音不明显,可能的诊断是
重症肺炎和轻型肺炎的区别是
A.电解质输液B.营养输液C.非胶体输液D.血浆代用液E.非电解质输液氯化钠注射液为()。
2004年3月3日,某自来水公司发布了一个文件,称以后凡需要安装自来水管的建筑工程,须按其指定到某机电公司购买铺设自来水管道所需要的水龙头等设备,然后拿着购买单据到自来水公司申请供水。对此不正当竞争行为,谁有权对其进行行政处罚?
账页是会计账簿的主体,会计账簿由若干账页组成,下列各项属于账页内容的是()。
中学、小学校园周围()范围内不得设立互联网上网服务营业场所。
已知3个类O,P和Q,类O中定义了一个私有方法F1和一个公有方法F2,类P中定义了一个公有方法F3,类P为类O的派生类,类Q为类P的派生类,它们的继承方式如下所示:classP:publicO{…}classQ:privateP
Weoftenpassonlittlebitsofinformationtoourchildren,notknowingiftheyaretrue,andonlybecausetheywere(1)______
最新回复
(
0
)