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Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States

admin2017-08-15  79
问题     Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don’t know where they should go next.
    The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan’s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.
    While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party’s education committee, "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents".
    But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan’s 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.
Which of the following is true according to the author?
选项 A、Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.
B、Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.
C、More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.
D、Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.
答案C
解析 本题可参照文章的第3段。从中可知，虽然日本由于注重基本训练而受到外国人的称赞，但是日本的教育往往强调的是应试和机械学习，而不是创造性和能动性的培养；自民党教育委员会主席指出，考试成绩反映不出的那些东西，比如个性、能力、勇气或慈悲心等，全都被人们忽略了；由此而受到的挫折导致孩子们辍学、放荡不羁；去年，日本发生了2125起校园暴力事件，其中包括929起攻击老师的事件；很多保守党领导甚至在寻求像战前一样，重新强调道德教育。据此可知，作者认为日本的教育应该注重创造性和能动性的培养。C项与文章的意思相符，因此C项为正确答案。
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