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  3. Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seal to cope with the e

Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seal to cope with the e

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问题     Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seal to cope with the extreme oxygen depriva- tion that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 meters below the ocean’ s surface and last for over 70 minutes. Recent field studies, however, suggest that during more typical dives in the wild, this seal’ s physiological behavior is different.
    In the laboratory, when the seal dives below the surface of the water and stops breathing, its heart beats more slowly, requiring less oxygen, and its arteries become constricted, ensuring that the seal’ s blood remains concentrated near those organs most crucial to its ability to navigate underwater. The seal essentially shuts off the flow of blood to other organs, which either stop functioning until the seal surfaces or switch to an anaerobic(oxygen-independent)metabolism. The latter results in the production of large amounts of lactic acid which can adversely affect the PH of the seal’ s blood but since the anaerobic metabolism occurs only in those tissues which have been isolated from the seal’s blood supply, the lactic acid is released into the seal’ s blood only after the seal surfaces, when the lungs, liver, and other organs quickly clear the acid from the seal’s blood stream. Recent field studies, however, reveal that on dives in the wild, the seal usually heads directly for its prey and returns to the surface in less than twenty minutes. The absence of high levels of lactic acid in the seal’ s blood after such dives suggests that during them, the seal’ s organs do not resort to the anaerobic metabolism observed in the laboratory, but are supplied with oxy- gen from the blood. The seal’ s longer excursions underwater, during which it appears to be either exploring distant routes or evading a predator, do evoke the diving response seen in the laborato- ry. But why do the seal’ s laboratory dives always evoke this response, regardless of their length or depth? Some biologists speculate that because in laboratory dives the seal is forcibly sub- merged, it does not know how long it will remain underwater and so prepares for the worst.
The passage suggests that because Weddell seals are forcibly submerged during laboratory dives, they do which of the following?
选项 A、Exhibit the physiological responses that are characteristic of dives in the wild that last less than twenty minutes.
B、Exhibit the physiological responses that are characteristic of the longer dives they undertake in the wild.
C、Cope with oxygen deprivation less effectively than they do on typical dives in the wild.
D、Produce smaller amounts of lactic acid than they do on typical dives in the wild.
E、Navigate less effectively than they do on typical dives in the wild.
答案B
解析 因为海豹在实验室中被迫潜水，所以它们会做以下哪个行为?本题和第9题重复。B正确，表现出和野外潜水较长时间时相似的生理反应。见原文L45—50，而A、C、D、E都和原文所述不符。
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