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  3. Long lunch out with co-workers or a late-night conversation with a family member might seem like a distraction from other health

Long lunch out with co-workers or a late-night conversation with a family member might seem like a distraction from other health

admin2012-07-11  35
问题     Long lunch out with co-workers or a late-night conversation with a family member might seem like a distraction from other healthy habits, such as going to the gym or getting a good night’s sleep. But more than 100 years’ worth of research shows that having a healthy social life is incredibly important to staying physically healthy. Overall, social support increases survival by some 50 percent, concluded the authors behind a new analysis.
    The benefit of friends,family and even colleagues turns out to be just as good for long-term survival as giving up a 15-cigarette-a-day smoking habit. And by the study’s numbers,interpersonal social networks are more crucial to physical health than exercising or beating obesity. "I don’t think a lot of people recognize that our relationships can have a physical impact as well as emotional," says Julianne Holt-Lunstad, an associate psychology professor at Brigham Young University and co-author of the new study.
    The researchers analyzed results from 148 studies—which included a total of 308,849 participants— going back to the early 20th century. Most studies assessed survival in contrast to mortality from all causes,although the authors rejected studies that focused on suicide or accidental deaths. "The findings are very exciting and show how important social relationships are for improving survival," Kira Birditt, an assistant research professor at University of Michigan’s Institute for Social Research, who was not involved in the new study,noted in an e-mail.
    Social relationships are thought to help improve health either by buffering (减轻) individuals from stressful situations or creating a norm of healthful behaviors. " There’s a pretty large literature linking social relationships to a variety of physiological processes that are linked to disease lisk," Holt-Lunstad says. " Social support has been linked to lower blood pressure, and a diverse collection of contacts is associated with better immune system functioning. "
    Previous research has pointed to happiness as a key to longevity. But in most of the studies reviewed in the new paper, social connections were not classified in terms of their quality, thus likely abundant negative associations in with the more positive ones. This means the benefit of positive social connections is likely to be even higher. " Most research shows that the negative aspects of relationships can be detrimental (不利于) to health," Holt-Lunstad says. But Birditt,who has also done research in the field,notes that some of her work "indicates that the influence of social relationships on mortality is nuanced (微妙的) and depends on the type of relationship, the quality of the relationship and the health status of the individual. "A 2008 study in Social Science & Medicine that she co-authored found that people with chronic illnesses actually had a lower mortality rate if they had negative—or at least more demanding—relationships with family members.
    The analysis also assessed what kind of studies worked best to predict a person’s survival. Questionnaires had asked participants at least a few in-depth questions about various social connections.
We learn from the third paragraph that______.
选项 A、the researchers interviewed 308,849 participants in total
B、the researchers began the study in the early 20th century
C、suicide or accidental deaths were not included in the analysis
D、the new study focused on mortality rather than survival
答案C
解析 推理判断题。根据该段第二句可知，作者没有采纳那些侧重于自杀和交通事故死亡的研究，故C)“自杀和突发死亡不在研究的范围”符合题意，为答案。根据该段第一句可知，“研究人员对148个研究进行了分析，总共涉及到308，849人次”，并没有访问这些人，故排除A)；“以往这些研究的分析，时间最早是在20世纪早期”，而不是研究人员从20世纪早期就开始研究，故排除B)；D)“研究以死亡率为主，而并非生存力”，正好与原文意思相反，故排除。
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