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  3. Pity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doc

Pity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doc

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问题    Pity those who aspire to put the initials PhD after their names. After 16 years of closely supervised education, prospective doctors of philosophy are left more or less alone to write the equivalent of a large book. Most social-science postgraduates have still not completed their theses by the time their grant runs out after three years. "They must then get a job and finish in their spare time, which can often take a further three years. By then, most new doctors are sick to death of the narrowly defined subject, which has blighted their holidays and mined their evenings.
   The Economic and Social Research Council, which gives grants to postgraduate social scientists, wants to get better value for money by cutting short this agony. It would like to see faster completion rates: until recently, only about 25% of PhD candidates were finishing within four years. The ESRC’ s response has been to stop PhD grants to all institutions where the proportion taking less than four years is below 10%; in the first year of this policy the national average shot up to 39%. The ESRC feels vindicated in its toughness, and will progressively raise the threshold to 40% in two years. Unless completion rates improve further, this would exclude 55 out of 73 universities and polytechnics-including Oxford University, the London School of Economics and the London Business School.
    Predictably, howls of protest have come from the universities, who view the blacklisting of whole institutions as arbitrary and negative. They point out that many of the best students go quickly into jobs where they can apply their research skills, but consequently take longer to finish their theses. Polytechnics with as few as two PhD candidates complain that they are penalized by random fluctuations in student performance. The colleges say there is no hard evidence to prove that faster completion rates result from greater efficiency rather than lower standards or less ambitious doctoral topics.
   The ESRC thinks it might not be a bad thing if PhD students were more modest in their aims. It would prefer to see more systematic teaching of research skills and fewer unrealistic expectations placed on young men and women who are undertaking their first piece of serious research. So in future its grants will be given only where it is convinced that students are being trained as researchers, rather than carrying out purely knowledge-based studies.
   The ESRC can not dictate the standard of thesis required by external examiners, or force departments to give graduates more teaching time. The most it can do is to try to persuade universities to change their ways. Recalcitrant professors should note that students want more research training and a less elaborate style of thesis, too.
The ESRC would prefer ______.
选项 A、that the students were carrying out purely knowledge-based studies rather than being trained as researchers
B、to see higher standards of PhD students’ theses and more ambitious doctoral topics
C、more systematic teaching of research skills to fewer unrealistic expectations placed on inexperienced young PhD students
D、that PhD students were less modest in their aims
答案C
解析 文章第四段指出：“if PhD students were more modest in their aims”the ESRC认为不是一件坏事情，故排除选项B和D；又谈到the ESRC更希望年轻人多学一些“systematic teaching of research skills”，而不是“unrealistic expectations”，故选项C正确。同时指出将只拨款给那些将学生作为研究者而不是单纯的学知识来培养的学校，故选项A错误。
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