首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Scientists are supposed to change their minds. 【F1】Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective eval
Scientists are supposed to change their minds. 【F1】Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective eval
admin
2018-05-23
64
问题
Scientists are supposed to change their minds. 【F1】
Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective evaluation of empirical evidence, they are expected to willingly, even eagerly, abandon cherished beliefs when new evidence undercuts them.
So it is remarkable that so few of the essays in a new book in which scientists answer the question in the title, "What Have You Changed Your Mind About?" express anything like this ideal.
Many of the changes of mind are just changes of opinion or an evolution of values. One contributor, a past supporter of manned spaceflight, now thinks it’s pointless, while another no longer has moral objections to cognitive enhancement through drugs. Other changes of mind have to do with busted predictions, such as that computer intelligence would soon rival humans’. 【F2】
Rare, however, are changes of mind by scientists identified with either side of a controversial issue.
There is no one who rose to fame arguing that a disease is caused by sticky brain plaques and who has now been convinced by evidence that the plaques are mostly innocent bystanders, not culprits. But really, we shouldn’ t be surprised.【F3】
Supporters of a particular viewpoint especially if their reputation is based on the accuracy of that viewpoint, cling to it like a shipwrecked man to floats.
Studies that undermine that position, they say, are fatally flawed.
In truth, no study is perfect, so it would be crazy to abandon an elegant, well-supported theory because one new finding undercuts it. 【F4】
But it’s fascinating how scientists with an intellectual stake in a particular side of a debate tend to see flaws in studies that undercut their dearly held views, and to interpret and even ignore "facts" to fit their views.
No wonder the historian Thomas Kuhn concluded almost 50 years ago that a scientific paradigm falls down only when the last of its powerful adherents dies.
The few essays in which scientists do admit they were wrong—and about something central to their reputation—therefore stand out.【F5】
Physicist Marcelo Gleiser of Dartmouth breaks ranks with almost every physicist since Einstein, and with his Own younger self, in now doubting that the laws of nature can be unified in a single elegant formulation.
Gleiser has written dozens of papers proposing routes to the unification of gravity and quantum mechanics through everything from superstrings to extra dimensions, but now concedes that "all attempts so far have failed." Unification may be esthetically appealing, but it’s not how nature works.
【F3】
选项
答案
某一种观点的支持者,尤其是当其声望建立于该观点的正确性之上时,会像紧抓漂浮物的遭受海难者一样,抱住该观点不放。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/6F6Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itspeededupphysica
Airpollutionkilledaboutsevenmillionpeoplelastyear,makingittheworld’ssinglebiggestenvironmentalhealthrisk,theW
Peekthroughtheinspectionwindowsofthenearly100three-dimensional(3D)printersquietlymakingthingsatRedEye,acompany
Thehighestanxietymomentintheholidayseasonmustbethemomentjustbeforeyourlovedonesunwraptheirgifts.Theribbonc
Brandsarebasicallyapromise.Theytellconsumerswhatqualitytoexpectfroma【C1】______andshowoffitspersonality.Firmsi
Englishhasbeensuccessfullypromoted,andhasbeeneagerlyadoptedinthegloballinguisticmarketplace.Onesymptomoftheim
Englishhasbeensuccessfullypromoted,andhasbeeneagerlyadoptedinthegloballinguisticmarketplace.Onesymptomoftheim
Havetherealwaysbeencities?Thetrendiscitiesareincreasinglybecomingthedominantmodeofman’ssocialexistence.【F1】It
ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallc
随机试题
Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith—orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyone
文明生产是要求每个生产者在劳动生产中严格按有组织办事。()
女性,25岁。妊娠5个月,因转移性右下腹痛2小时就诊。经检查诊断为急性阑尾炎。其治疗措施错误的是
有关毒性的叙述,错误的是
患者,男,42岁。胃脘胀痛,攻痛连胁,嗳气频作,并呕逆酸苦,二便如常,舌苔薄白,脉沉弦。治疗应首选( )。
甲为一富商之子(16岁),其借给乙10万元,其向丙借款10万元,其在醉酒状态下将自己的价值20万的罗马表以100元的价格卖给丁,其立下遗嘱将祖父赠与的一套别墅遗赠给女朋友戊。下列表述错误的是:()
某大型防洪工程由政府投资兴建。项目法人委托某招标代理公司代理施工招标。招标代理公司依据有关规定确定该项目采用公开招标方式招标,招标公告在当地政府规定的招标信息网上发布。招标文件中规定:投标担保可采用投标保证金或投标保函方式担保。评标方法采用经评审的最低投标
下列说法中,正确的选项有________。
以“我设计的房子”为活动内容,拟订一个大班美术教育活动计划。
[*]
最新回复
(
0
)