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  3. Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to

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问题    Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an【C1】______burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】______retirement could help.
   Early retirement may seem like a【C3】______individual goal, but it is a socially expensive one, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】______reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the funding of those in work for their【C5】______, The【C6】______is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and rising life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double in size. Public pension payments, which【C7】______30c80 % of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C8】______to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.
   【C9】______is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today’s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C10】______for.
   Action is needed,【C11】______simply aiming to reduce the【C12】______(and cost) of public pensions, or trying to【C13】______the role of privately funded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be【C14】______to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of
   【C15】______early retirement schemes to avoid【C16】______and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C17】______persuading people to stay in work until they are older.【C18】______, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less【C19】______and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】______rate should rise a new.
【C20】
选项 A、present
B、mortality
C、dependency
D、fertility
答案A
解析 本题考查上下文语义。该句意为：他们是这么想的，如果现在我们更加健康了，工作对体力的要求降低了，失业率也降低了，那么……率也许该重新上升了。从备选项看只有present rate“出席率”符合文意，即工作的人的比例会上升。mortality rate指“死亡率”；dependency rate指“依赖率”；fertility rate指“出生率”。
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