首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The coming of the railways in the 1830s transformed society and economic life by providing, for the first time, mass transport f
The coming of the railways in the 1830s transformed society and economic life by providing, for the first time, mass transport f
admin
2013-06-12
53
问题
The coming of the railways in the 1830s transformed society and economic life by providing, for the first time, mass transport for passengers and goods. One man, George Stephenson, is sometimes called the "father of the railways" although he did not invent either the locomotive or the rails. The basic idea of a "railway" was an old one, mainly used in mines. In the sixteenth century, miners found it was easier to push their loads in a truck with wooden wheels over planks than to push it through mud and over rocks. Later they developed plateways, which were long pieces of iron fixed to the ground to channel the wheels along, in place of the wooden planks.
So these were the early rails, but what about the locomotives? Locomotive is short for locomotive engine, which means a self - propeled engine. Steam engines were well - known in mines and factories by the early nineteenth century, and some people had the idea of putting them on wheels as a substitute for human and horse power in pulling loads.
The first such locomotive was built by an English man called Richard Trevithick in the year 1804. His engine worked but there were serious technical problems. The locomotives were very heavy, for example and kept breaking the track. At this stage, they didn’t even offer any economic advantage. So locomotives didn’t really catch on then.
One early enthusiast, though, was George Stephenson, who had been doing various mechanical and engineering jobs at coal mines since he was a boy. He didn’t have much formal education, but he was good at fixing things, from shoes to clocks to steam engines. He had devised on ingenious safety lamp for the mines, one that wouldn’t cause explosions underground.
The engines at the mines were mostly stationary, fixed machines for pumping water or for winding or hauling loads by cables. But George Stephenson also built a number of experimental locomotives. That’s how he came to be involved , in september 1825, with the opening of an innovative railway line in northern England. Until then, the only railways had been small, private lines carrying coal or metal ores from mines to the nearest river or canal. The Stockton and Darlington railway was different. It was a public railway and for this new railway, George Stephenson designed a locomotive called" locomotion" which was used to haul passengers from the first day.
The idea of carrying passengers as well as freight was born and soon turned out, quite unexpectedly, to be a phenomenal success. The booming Industrial Revolution also meant a growing demand for goods transport, which the railways were able to meet. But although railways were now becoming established, locomotives weren’t. They still faced competition from both horsepower and stationary winding engines. This is really where George Stephenson comes in.
The next big railway project was a fifty - kilometre line to link Liverpool and Manchester, again in northern England. The directions couldn’t decide which method of haulage they should go for. On the whole they favoured winding engines, stationed every two or three kilometres along the track. But Stephenson, who was on the board of directors, argued doggedly in favor of locomotives, and in the end they agreed to offer a prize to see if anyone could build one good enough to do the job. Stephenson entered the contest, of course —— he was competitive by nature anyway —— with a locomotive built by his son, Robert George himself was too busy surveying the railway line but Robert was also an excellent engineer and he designed a magnificent engine called the Rocket, the true ancestor of the modern steam locomotive.
The most important feature of the Rocket was its multi -tube boiler. Instead of just one wide tube carrying hot air from the furnace through the water of the boiler, beating it into steam, the Rocket had twenty - five little tubes, which gave it a much greater surface area in contact with the water, so it made more steam, much faster. It also had a blast pipe. It other words, exhaust steam was sen! up the chimney in a rapid blast which pulled a draught of air across the furnace, making it burn better. All this made the locomotive more powerful. On the last run of the trials, George opened the throttle up and the Rocket achieved an amazing speed of thirty miles an hour. This really proved the feasibility of using locomotives to haul trains on railways.
The multi-tube boiler system made the Rocket, Robert’s locomotive, ______.
选项
A、powerful
B、achieve a speed of 30 miles an hour
C、acquire 25 little tubes
D、good for hauling trains
答案
D
解析
四个答案可以说都是罗伯特发明的机车Rocket所具有的特点,但前面3个选项都是这种机车本身所具有的机械特点,而这些机械特点,又使这种机车最终使火年能在铁路线上进行载客运输,因此本题真正要考查的这种机车最终给铁路运输带来了什么样的功用。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/6V4O777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
IrelandiscalledtheEmeraldIsleforitsrichgreencountryside,butpoliticallyitisdividedintotwoparts;
TheGreatLymeDebateThere’sadebateragingoverLymedisease,althoughyou’dneverknowitunlessyou’vebeenpayingclos
Currenteconomichardshipshavehadwhatiscalledinconstitutionallawa"disparateimpact":Thecrisishasnotafflictedever
Morethananyothercountry,Americadefinesitselfbyacollectivedream:thedreamofeconomicopportunityandupwardmobility
SayingthatPabloPicassodominatedWesternartinthe20thcenturyis,bynow,themerestcommonplace.Inhis50thbirthday,th
SimondeMontfortsummonedin______theGreatCounciltomeetatWestminster,togetherwithtwoknightsfromeachcountyandtwo
OnJuly7th,IwastravelinginLondon.IwashavingbreakfastatahotelverynearLiverpoolStreetStationwhenthefirstexpl
A、AtMarbleArch.B、NearHydePark.C、InPortlandplace.D、AtMayfair.C
A、Onweekend.B、OnSunday.C、Onworkday.D、OnSaturday.B
随机试题
剩余价值生产的基本方法有
人工智能的出现证明机器可以代替人的思维。()
人体中最硬的组织是
下列“诸海”中错误的是
建设工程目标分解最基本的方式是按()分解。
某冶金企业存在粉尘、噪声等职业危害,当地安全生产监督管理部门在检查中发现,该企业皮带输送机处粉尘浓度超标,同时企业发放给接触粉尘岗位职工的防尘口罩属于劣质产品,针对这一问题,当地安全生产监督管理部门做出的处理决定是()。
行政许可直接涉及申请人与他人之间重大利益关系的,行政机关在作出行政许可决定前,应当告知申请人、利害关系人享有要求听证的权利。下列关于行政许可听证程序的说法不正确的是()。
在漫长的进化过程中,食物匮乏一直是人类面临的首要威胁。由于食物供应的不确定性和食物不能长期保存,人类一直过着饱一顿,饿几顿的生活,能够最大限度有效利用食物的个体具有生存优势,在经历了反复的饥荒选择后,具有生存优势的个体和他们体内的基因,通过自然选择的方式被
校长负责制
=_______.
最新回复
(
0
)