首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
States Experiment With Out-of-Classroom Learning At the end of this month, most of Ohio’s teenagers will shake off their sum
States Experiment With Out-of-Classroom Learning At the end of this month, most of Ohio’s teenagers will shake off their sum
admin
2013-07-02
57
问题
States Experiment With Out-of-Classroom Learning
At the end of this month, most of Ohio’s teenagers will shake off their summertime blues, dust off their book bags, and head back to school. But others might be heading to an internship at a local newspaper or hitting the books for independent study. Some might even stay planted in front of the computer screen.
That’s thanks to the state’s new credit flexibility program, which Ohio is launching for the 2010-11 academic year. The plan puts Ohio on the front lines of a transition a-way from a century-old paradigm of equating classroom time with learning. But while there’s a broad consensus that that measure, the Carnegie Unit(卡内基学分), is due for replacement, no such unanimity exists about the design and prospects for plans like Ohio’s. While most stakeholders agree that it’s theoretically preferable to give students the chance to personalize their education, it remains unclear how effective the alternatives are, how best to assess them, and whether today’s teachers are equipped to administer them.
"Certainly the Carnegie Unit needs undermining, " says Chester E. Finn Jr., president of the Thomas B. Fordham Institute, a Washington-based education think tank that also runs charter schools in Ohio. "It’s far better to have a competency-based system in which some kind of an objective measure of whether you know anything or have learned anything is better. "
The Ohio State’s program will be among the most sweeping, but nearly half of the states now offer similar alternatives — although in many cases that’s nothing more than allowing students to test out of classes by demonstrating proficiency. A smaller but growing number of states, from Florida to New Jersey to Kentucky, have begun allowing students to earn credit through internships, independent studies, and the like. It’s a logical extension of the realization that simply being in a seat from bell to bell doesn’t guarantee intellectual development. Students — and their parents — are at least theoretically attracted to the idea of studying what they want, at the pace they want.
Teachers are on board, too. "It really will allow more meaningful experiences for students, " says Sue Taylor, president of the Ohio Federation of Teachers, a teachers’ union that participated in designing the program. "Any time a student is able to take the lead or take some charge of some aspect, that student is going to be more motivated and learn something at a deeper level. " The motivation will extend to educators, she says: "many teachers complain that the controversial No Child Left Behind law forced them to ’teach to tests’, preparing students to pass inflexible multiple-choice assessments, but the new rules should make room for more creativity. "
Of course, creativity can’t preclude quality. "The concern is that the advocates of personalization don’t necessarily advocate between good personalization and bad personalization, " says Rick Hess, director of education policy studies at the conservative American Enterprise Institute. "A lot of these internships end up being time wasters, being silly, being trivial. " While individual schools have found success with flexible systems, it’s unclear how they will work when scaled up to apply to entire districts or states. Many states with provisions for internships and independent-study programs are "local control" states, meaning that while the state’s Department of Education may mandate or allow high schools to give students options, the decision about what qualifies as a valid educational experience is left to local authorities. The bar could be set differently from city to city, school to school, or even teacher to teacher. Ohio, for example, hasn’t offered solid guidelines to districts, although a spokesman says the state will collect data each year on how many students participated and what program they chose in order to "inform Credit Rex statewide going forward. " It won’t conduct a formal audit, though.
That’s not enough for some observers. "That’s an easy way for state officials to hide behind the mantra(咒语)of local control and shirk(逃避)authority, " Finn says. In fact, it could run at cross-purposes to a push for the Common Core national curricu-lum standards, an effort President Obama has endorsed and which he discussed in a July 29 speech on education policy. "It’s ironic that we’re moving toward national standards even at the same time as we are freeing students to do what they want," Finn says. "How do policymakers reconcile the commonness and heavy intellectual standards they’ve adopted? I don’t think it’s going to be done well. "
Starting alternatives won’t be easy in a difficult fiscal environment. With states across the country desperately broke, even basic public services like schools and police have been put on the chopping block. Hawaii, for instance, cut some school weeks to four days, giving students 17 Fridays off, in the last school year; the plan was massively unpopular. Even though Congress held a special session this week to pass a bill giving states $ 10 billion to keep teachers on the job, school districts are looking at lean times for years to come.
Florida’s Credit Acceleration Program — which expands previous options for accelerated graduation — was passed this year with the primary goal of allowing students who are ready to move to tougher courses to do so. Fewer students in desks means cost savings. Virtual learning — which an ever-larger number of states allow as an alternative to learning in bricks-and-mortar(砖和水泥)schools — provides even greater economies of scale. The Florida Virtual School, an industry leader, has seen continuously increasing enrollment for both in-state and out-of-state students. Its Global School — the division that offers virtual classes to students outside of Florida on a fee model — does almost all of its business with districts and states rather than on an individual student basis, says Andy Ross, the school’s chief sales and marketing officer. It’s helped to subsidize the taxpayer-supported in-state division of the Virtual School as well, covering its own costs and contributing some $2.5 million per year for research and development of software and teaching methods.
While educators say blends of traditional and virtual learning are ideal, all-virtual classes could create an opening for strapped states to save money by slashing the ranks of teachers they employ in traditional classrooms. "If the same virtual lesson recorded in Seattle can educate 8,000 kids in Ohio, how many teachers might not be needed that Ohio has historically employed?" Finn asks.
Taylor, of the teachers’ union, is concerned about budget cuts with the coming changes in Ohio. "There may be a few districts that are financially strapped in this climate who may see credit flexibility as a chance to see budget slashing, but if they do, obviously it’s going to be done to the detriment(损害)of effective student learning, " she warns. On the contrary, she thinks districts should hire more teachers, with some taking on more supervisory and advisory roles in overseeing credit-flexibility experiences. "If a teacher has 125 students in a day, it’s not going to be feasible for him to help to design and work with each and every student," she says.
Of course, this may be irrelevant. In launching its plan, the Ohio Department of Education said a major reason for mandating that districts develop flexibility plans was that while many states provide flexibility, not many districts take advantage of it. Data collection nationwide is hit or miss, so it’s tough to tell how many students use existing programs. Meanwhile, although anecdotal evidence suggests parent and student interest in the new alternatives, no one is offering predictions about how many Ohio students might sign up for Credit Flex. If the nationwide example holds, the vast majority of students will decide that bricks-and-mortar schools are still the best way to get their mortarboards.
What does Rick Hess concern about the flexible systems?
选项
A、The quality of personalization may be ignored.
B、It’s unclear whether it works well everywhere.
C、The guidelines are different between states.
D、The state doesn’t conduct a formal audit.
答案
A
解析
第二句说Rick Hess担心倡导个性化,但不一定能在好的个性化和坏的个性化之间做出判断。也就是说个性化的质量可能会被忽视,[A]项是原文的同义转述,故为答案。其他三项是作者在下文中论述的观点,不是Rick Hess具体担心的内容。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/6cn7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
AjuryinNorthernCaliforniahasfoundaphysician【C1】______forelderabusebecausehefailedto【C2】______enoughpainmedica
Beforethemidnineteenthcentury,peopleintheUnitedStatesatemostfoodsonlyinseason.Drying,smoking,andsaltingcould
Theworldisundergoingtremendouschanges.Theriseofglobalization,botheconomicandculturaltrendthathassweptthroughou
Everykidmaycomplainaboutschoolnowandthen,butonlyaemailpercentageofkidsareunwillingtogotoschool.Attending
Cultureispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughcommunication.Thus,culturereferstobeliefsina【36】being,toat
Cultureispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughcommunication.Thus,culturereferstobeliefsina【36】being,toat
Cultureispassedonfromonegenerationtothenextthroughcommunication.Thus,culturereferstobeliefsina【36】being,toat
Alittlelearningisadangerousthing,______(而无知同样糟糕)。
IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe【C1】______
IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe【C1】______
随机试题
任何预算都需用( )形式来表述。
乳癌局部皮肤呈“橘皮样”改变的原因
以下哪项不是造成孕产妇死亡的主要因素
脑复苏时采取低温措施的主要目的是
根据物流服务对象的不同、物流服务空间范围的不同、物流服务目的的不同等,可以将物流区分为几种类型?
L企业位于Q市,根据Q市政府公布,2010年度当地职工月平均工资为2500元。该公司2010年2月招聘销售人员,为防止销售人员随意离职,要求入司的职工交600元押金,待职工离职时返还。职工庄某2010年3月进入L企业任销售主管,并与L企业签订了2年期劳动
对税务机关依法设立的派出机构,依照法律、法规或规章的规定,以自己名义做出的具体行政行为不服的,可向设立该派出机构的税务机关申请行政复议。()
假设你是一名政府机关公务员欧阳××,从2005年12月28日《××日报》上看到了给定材料中第4~8段内容的报道,请将4~8段材料中反映的所有问题概括总结,提交本部门领导审阅。字数400字以内。根据你在第二题中作出的原因分析,从“运用传统节日弘扬民族文化
数据模型分为格式化模型与非格式化模型,层次模型与网状模型属于【】。
ThearchitectfoundalotoftimespentindesigningtheblueprintsforMCCenter_______.
最新回复
(
0
)