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  3. Personality is to a large extent inherent — A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also h

Personality is to a large extent inherent — A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also h

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问题     Personality is to a large extent inherent — A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents; it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.
    One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the "win at all costs" moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system , in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences; remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: "Rejoice, we conquer!"
    By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.
    Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B’s. The world needs types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.
    If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged.
The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because______.
选项 A、the pressure is too great on the students
B、some students are bound to fail
C、failure rates are too high
D、the results of examations are doubtful
答案B
解析 在第三段首句“学校最糟糕的竞争方式是对考试的过分重视”中，作者表示了对考试的否定态度：接着末句直接指出否定它的原因：“在明知有人考试会通不过的情况下(certain knowledge of failure)还要进行竞争，则肯定是有害的”，故选B。
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