首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The multibillion-dollar international pharmaceutical industry has been accused of manipulating the results of drug trials for fi
The multibillion-dollar international pharmaceutical industry has been accused of manipulating the results of drug trials for fi
admin
2017-06-11
83
问题
The multibillion-dollar international pharmaceutical industry has been accused of manipulating the results of drug trials for financial gain and withholding information that could expose patients to possible harm.
The stranglehold the industry has on research is causing increasing alarm in medical circles as evidence emerges of biased results, under-reporting and selective publication driven by a market worth more than 10 billion pounds in Britain alone.
The industry has sponsored trials of new drugs which have held out great promise for patients with cancer, heart disease, mental health problems and other illnesses.
But tests on the same drugs in independent trials paid for by non-profit organizations— governments, medical institutions or charities—have yielded very different results.
Drugs for abnormal heart rhythm introduced in the late 1970s were killing more Americans every year by 1990 than the Vietnam War.
Yet early evidence suggesting the drugs were lethal, which might have saved thousands of lives, went unpublished.
Expensive cancer drugs introduced in the past 10 years and claiming to offer major benefits have increasingly been questioned.
Evidence published in the Journal of the American Medical Association showed that 38 per cent of independent studies of the drugs reached unfavorable conclusions about them, compared with 5 per cent of the studies paid for by the pharmaceutical industry.
In the latest case, researchers commissioned by the National Institute for Clinical Excellence to develop guidelines for the prescribing of anti-depressant drugs to children say they were refused access to unpublished trials of the drugs held by the pharmaceutical companies.
Published evidence suggested that the anti-depressant drugs were safe and effective for children.
But when they obtained the unpublished evidence by contacting individual researchers who had worked on the trials and other sources, a different picture emerged—one of an increase in suicidal thoughts and attempted suicide. Only one of the drugs, Prozac, emerged as safe.
Anti-depressant drugs, though not recommended for children, were widely prescribed in Britain until last year, when the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency issued a warning to doctors, prohibiting their use.
This followed safety concerns raised by campaigners and taken up in two BBC TV Panorama broadcasts which brought the biggest response in the program’s history.
Writing in the Lancet medical magazine, the researchers say: " On the basis of published evidence alone, we could have considered at least tentatively recommending use of these drugs for children and young people with depression. "
The phrase "independent trials"(in Paragraph 4)in this context means "conducting the trials without______. "
选项
A、any financial involvement
B、any governmental funds
C、the public’s awareness
D、the authority’s guidance
答案
A
解析
本题是细节题。根据题干可找到第四段的对应原句“But tests on the same drugsin independent trials paid for by non—profit organizations--governments,medical institutions orcharities--have yielded very different results.”,这些独立试验由非赢利组织操作,由此可知A正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/6wFO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
Oneofthemajordifferencesbetweenmanandhisclosestlivingrelativeis,ofcourse,thatthechimpanzeehasnotdevelopedthe
Duringthepastgeneration,theAmericanmiddle-classfamilythatoncecouldcountonhardworkandfairplaytokeepitselffin
Ahundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically"proved"byeconomiststhatthelawsofsocietymakeitnecessarytohave
Mymother’sparentscamefromHungary,butmygrandfathercouldtracehisorigintoGermanyandalsohewaseducatedinGermany.
Clonaid,acompanyassociatedbyagroupthatbelievesextraterrestrialscreatedmankind,announcedFridaythatithadproduced
MargheritaisaLondongirlandarrivingatCapitalwaslikecominghome."IgrewuplisteningtoCapitalRadio,"shesays."Peo
Themulti-billion-dollarWesternpopmusicindustryisunderfire.ItisbeingblamedbytheUnitedNationsforthedramaticris
Thereisarangeofactivitieswhichrequiremovementsofaboutonetofourorfivemiles.Thesemightbeleisureactivities,suc
Hewillsimplynotlistentoanybody;heis______toargument.
随机试题
在体内,主要用于供能的营养物质是
引起欧洲幼虫腐臭病的病原是()
患儿,女性,12岁。在学习骑自行车时,不慎跌倒,左侧肘部受伤,急诊科护士检查发现患儿有肱骨髁上骨折,送至骨科诊治。该患儿经手法复位,石膏外固定术后,以下护理措施不正确的是()
在项目后评价中,项目“经济建成”主要是指项目财务和经济指标的基本实现,这些指标包括()等。
关于金融资产的重分类,下列说法中正确的有()。
关于自然景观的观赏地点和时间的选择,不正确的是()。
杵状指可见于
Thespokesmansaidhebelievedtheattackwasin______forthedeathofthebombing.
Robotscouldfillthejobsof3.5millionpeopleinJapanby2025,athinktanksays,helpingtoavertworkershortagesastheco
【S1】【S9】
最新回复
(
0
)