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  3. Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is—"the thing with feathers," as Emily Dickinson called

Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is—"the thing with feathers," as Emily Dickinson called

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问题     Hope may be the lovely, lyrical, inspiring thing many people believe it is—"the thing with feathers," as Emily Dickinson called it. But to scientists, it’s also a more dull thing as well: a skill, a tool, a simple choice that is a lot less accidental or lucky. As psychologist Shane Lopez, a senior scientist at the Gallup organization argues in his new book, Making Hope Happen, it’s also much more attainable than it seems.
    In both children and adults, there can be a hard-to-deny link between a robust sense of hope and either work productivity or academic achievement. In studies of this idea, hope is measured by a widely accepted psychological survey and productivity is measured by grades earned, sales made, equipment manufactured etc. When Lopez and his colleagues recently gathered up a large body of this research and subjected it all to a meta-analysis, they came up with what they believe are very solid numbers. "Our finding was that hope accounts for about 14％ of work productivity and 12％ of academic achievement," he said.
    Hoping, Lopez stresses, is a lot different from wishing, though the two are often mixed. The super-bestseller The Secret is based on the vaguely defined and not-exactly peer-reviewed "law of attraction," which in this case means that just having positive thoughts about wealth, love, success and more can draw all of those things to you. "This wonderful future will happen for you if you just sit back and wish hard enough," Lopez says.
    But wishing, he explains is only an element of hope—it is, in a sense, hope without a plan. And that often leads nowhere. Effective hoping, Lopez says, is a very deliberate, three-step process. First there is selecting a goal, whether short-term or long term. Then you have to consider the gap between where you are now and where you will be when you achieve the goal, and lay out a series of sequential, short-term goals that will allow you to close that gap. Finally, there is the execution, establishing a plan for when you will begin to implement those steps and where and how you will execute them.
    It’s far too much to say that effective hoping is the only—or even the biggest—part of what it takes to succeed. If 14％ of business productivity can be attributed to hope, that means 86％ is dependent on raw talent, unpredictable business cycles, the quality of the product you’re selling, and often pure luck. But even if hope is just one ingredient in all of that, it’s a stimulating, energizing one—the gas in the tank, the fuel rod in the reactor, the Mentos in the Pepsi. Hope may be the thing with feathers—but it’s also the thing with power.
The super-bestseller "The Secret" is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to ________.
选项 A、justify that wishing and hoping are usually mixed
B、define what "law of attraction" actually is
C、illustrate that wishing is the same thing as hoping
D、draw forth the contents related with wishing
答案D
解析 根据题干定位到第三段。该题问举例的目的，第三段第一句表示希望与愿望之间存在差异，随后提及《秘密》一书。该书基于“吸引定律”，该定律意味着只要你积极地想什么就能有什么，第二句中的having positive thoughts about与第三句中的wish hard enough均表示“愿望”，D项与之对应，故为正确答案。第三段第一句的让步状语从句(由though引导)提出希望和愿望经常会混淆，从句为次要内容，由此可知不是作者想要强调的内容，故A项可排除。提及这本书的目的并不是要给“吸引定律”下定义，而是要根据这一定律反映出有关愿望的内容，故B项也可排除。C项属于错误表述，愿望与希望之间存在差异 (different from)这一论述在本段第第一句话中就已明确提出。
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