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  3. To produce the upheaval (激变) in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860s

To produce the upheaval (激变) in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860s

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问题     To produce the upheaval (激变) in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860s to the niid-1880s, three primary causes interacted. The 1 of a half-dozen leaders in education provided the personal force that was needed. _2 , an outcry (呐喊)for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction _3_ among the alumni and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode (压倒) all 4 opposition. The aggressive "Young Yale" movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more _5_spirit; and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard college simultaneously_6_ to relieve the college’s poverty and demand new 7 Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by 8_ off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new_9_ of public duty.
    The old-style classical education received its most crushing 10 in the citadel (城堡) of Harvard College, _11_ Dr. Charles Eliot, a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasurer of Harvard, led the 12 forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the first years of Dr. Eliot’s _13_. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance requirements, the enlargement of the 14 and the development of the 15 system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and the fostering (培养) of greater 16 in student life. Standard of admission were sharply advanced in 1872—1877. 17 the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of 18 , the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and 19 as young animals. One new course of study after another was 20 —science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics and international law.
选项 A、administration
B、manipulation
C、regulation
D、institution
答案A
解析 Eliot博士在任职的第一年里就进行了五项改革，他在哈佛学院的任职可以表达为administration，意为“行政；管理”，指履行行政职责，其他选项均不符合文意。[B]manipulation“处理，操作”；[C]regulation“规则；管理”，主要指用章程、秩序或模式来命令或控制；”[D]institution“公共机构；制度”。
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考研英语一

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