2. 外语
  3. A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically (同样地)the same words, but this s

A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically (同样地)the same words, but this s

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问题     A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes, as a rule, to have it retold in identically (同样地)the same words, but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy tales as sacred (神圣的) texts. It is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book, and, if a parent can produce what, in the actual circumstances(情况)of the time and the individual (各自,单独)child, is an improvement on the printed text, so much the better.
    A charge made against fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arou-sing(引起)his sadistic impulse(冲动,反应). To prove the latter, one would have to show in a controlled experiment that children who have read fairy tales were more often guilty(内疚)of cruelty(粗鲁)than those who had not. Aggressive(好斗的)，destructive(破坏性的) .sadistic impulses every child has and, on the whole, their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety value than an incitement to overt action. As to fears, there are, I think, well-authenticated cases of children being dangerously terrified by some fairy tales. Often, however, this arises from the child having heard the story once. Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.
    There are also people who object to fairy tales—on the grounds that they are not objectively true, that giants, witches, two-headed dragons, magic carpets, etc, do not exist; and that, instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to adapt to reality by studying history and mechanics. I find such people. I must confess, so unsympathetic and peculiar that I do not know how to argue with them. If their case were sound, the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick or covering a telephone with kisses in the belief that it was their enchanted girlfriend.
    No fairy tale ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no insane child has ever believed that it was.
The author considers that a fairy tale is more effective when it is______.
选项 A、repeated without variation
B、treated with reverence
C、adapted by the parent
D、set in the present
答案C
解析 文章开始就说“通常，一个喜欢听故事的孩子愿让别人一字不差地重述故事，但这不应当让父母将童话看作圣书。……如果父母能当着某个孩子的面．．按照故事的时间环境，对书上的文字做点发挥，那就更好了。”可见A说没有变化的重述不对；B说以敬畏相待不对；D说放在现在也不对。因而C说由父亲或母亲加以改编是相符的。
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