2. 外语
  3. Child psychologists—and kindergarten teachers—have long known that when children first show up for school, some of them speak a

Child psychologists—and kindergarten teachers—have long known that when children first show up for school, some of them speak a

admin2013-07-11  107
问题     Child psychologists—and kindergarten teachers—have long known that when children first show up for school, some of them speak a lot more fluently than others. Psychologists also know that children’s socioeconomic status tends to be closely connected with their language facility. The better off and more educated a child’s parents are, the better vocabulary ability that child tends to have by school age—and vocabulary skill is a key predictor for success in school. Children from low-income families, who may often start school knowing significantly fewer words than their better-off peers, will struggle for years to make up that ground.
    Previous studies have shown that wealthier, educated parents talk to their young children more, using more complex vocabulary and sentences, than parents of lesser means. And these differences may help explain why richer kids start school with richer vocabularies. But what goes on before children can talk, during that phase—familiar to any parent—when communication takes the form of pointing, waving, grabbing and other kinds of baby sign language? Do well-off parents also gesture more to their kids?
    Indeed they do, say psychologists Susan Goldin-Meadow and Meredith Rowe of the University of Chicago. The researchers found that at 14 months of age, babies already showed a wide range of "speaking" ability through gestures, and that those differences were closely linked with their socioeconomic background and how frequently their parents used gestures to communicate. High-income, better-educated parents gestured more frequently to their children to convey meaning and new concepts, and in turn, their kids gestured more to them. When researchers tested the same children at 54 months of age, they found that those early gesturers turned out to have better vocabulary ability than other students.
    At 14 months of age, researches say, pointing toward an object is the way most kids use gestures. If a parent responds to that gesture by identifying the object in words—by saying, "That’s a doll," for example—children get a head start on growing their original vocabularies. "That’s a teachable moment, and mothers are teaching the kids the word for an object," says Goldin-Meadow.
The word "phase"(Line 4, Para. 2)refers to the time .
选项 A、when children learn to communicate
B、when children communicate by gesture
C、when children have the ability to speak
D、when children begin to learn from parents
答案B
解析 在该句中，跳过破折号里的内容可以看到that phase后跟着when引出的定语从句，由此可见，that phase指的是“通过手势进行交流的阶段”，本题应选B。
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