首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
admin
2011-04-12
97
问题
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has
cropped up
elsewhere. One study—conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.
Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around £ 1,500 ($2,850) a year.
That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women taking "career breaks" to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £ 4,000 a year more than female ones.
To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.
Besides pay, her study also looked at the " glass-ceiling" effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.
Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.
In contrast to Dr. Connolly’s study, the previous ones failed to______.
选项
A、make a comparison between the experience of scientists in others kinds of laboratory and that of those in universities
B、make themselves more eligible for promotion
C、make a difference for a woman to settle into a professorial chair
D、make the supposedly egalitarian world of academia deliver more equality
答案
A
解析
这是一道细节理解推导题,测试考生对原文重要细节信息的识别理解以及推导能力。本题的答案信息来源在尾段的第三句,其大意是:“与以往的研究不同,Connolly博士的研究把大学里科学家的经验与其他种类试验室里科学家的经验进行了比较”。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是A。考生在阅读时应注意原文中的对立对比关系。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/7Fp4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
WecanlearnfromthebeginningofthetextthatAfterSeptember11,longdelaysofexpressairshippingoftenarisebecauseof
ItwasinevitablethatanyofPresidentGeorgeW.Bush’sfanshadtobeverydisappointedbyhisdecisiontoimplementhightari
Healthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartb
Healthcareisanextraordinarilyobsoletesystem.Aprofessorofemergencymedicineatmajoruniversitysentmeareallyheartb
Asurveywascarriedoutondeathrateofnew-bornbabiesinthatregion,______weresurprising.
Althoughthetotalpercentageofdailysmokersisfallinginmostcountries,anewinternationalstudyshowsthatsixpeopledie
Thecellphone,adevicewehavelivedwithformorethanadecade,offersagoodexampleofapopulartechnology’sunforeseensi
ManyparentswhowelcometheideaofturningofftheTVandspendingmoretimewiththefamilyarestillworriedthatwithoutTV
WhatdoNationalSemiconductor,MaxwellHouseCoffee,DeloitteTouche,andHearstMagazineshaveincommon?Alltheseorganizati
Rome,June13—Alawthatimposesstrictrulesonassistedfertilitywillremainonthebooks,afterthefailureonMondayofah
随机试题
《诗经·氓》:氓之蚩蚩,__________。
教育要适应人的身心发展的顺序性的规律,必须做到
将原料药物及附加剂与适宜抛射剂共同封装于具有特制阀门系统耐压容器中,使用时借助抛射剂的压力将内容物呈雾状物喷出的剂型是()。
按照处方管理制度,药物名称和使用剂量应以何为标准( )。
1998年4月12日,李某与赵某订立书面合同,约定:李某将一台"西湖"牌彩电以1800元卖给赵某,赵某应于合同签订时一次付清全部价款;李某应于4月20日交付彩电;如果违约,应承担违约责任。合同签订时,赵某依约付清了全部价款。4月15日,李某又与孙某达成协议
人民法院在审理涉外经济合同案件时,如果要适用外国法律,需要查明有关外国法律的内容时,可以通过下列途径?()
下列CBHI、CBII、CBD三者表述正确的是()。
超过100年的雕版画原本,有收藏价值
甲和乙结婚前,甲送给乙一套房子,婚后这套房子由乙的父母居住,但房产证上户主的名字仍是甲。若两人离婚,该套房子()。
教育心理学研究的核心内容是()。
最新回复
(
0
)