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  3. It’s not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder,【C1】________, to understand their negative consequences. Most wor

It’s not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder,【C1】________, to understand their negative consequences. Most wor

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问题     It’s not difficult to set targets for staff. It is much harder,【C1】________, to understand their negative consequences. Most work-related behaviours have multiple components.【C2】________one and the others become distorted.
    Travel on a London bus and you’ll【C3】________see how this works with drivers. Watch people get on and show their tickets. Are they carefully inspected? Never. Do people get on without paying? Of course! Are there inspectors to【C4】________that people have paid? Possibly, but very few. And people who run for the bus? They are【C5】________. How about jumping lights? Buses do so almost as frequently as cyclists.
    Why? Because the target is【C6】________. People complained that buses were late and infrequent.
    【C7】________, the number of buses and bus lanes were increased, and drivers were【C8】________or punished according to the time they took. And drivers hit their targets. But they【C9】________hit cyclists. If the target was changed to【C10】________, you would have more inspectors and more sensitive pricing. If the criterion changed to safety, you would get more【C11】________drivers who obeyed traffic laws. But both these criteria would be at the expense of time.
    There is another【C12】________: people become immensely inventive in hitting targets. Have you【C13】________ that you can leave on a flight an hour late but still arrive on time? Tailwinds? Of course not! Airlines have simply changed the time a【C14】________is meant to take. A one-hour flight is now billed as a two-hour flight.
    The【C15】________of the story is simple. Most jobs are multidimensional, with multiple criteria. Choose one criterion and you may well【C16】________others. Everything can be done faster and made cheaper, but there is a【C17】________. Setting targets can and does have unforeseen negative consequences.
    This is not an argument against target-setting. But it is an argument for exploring consequences first. All good targets should have multiple criteria【C18】________critical factors such as time, money, quality and customer feedback. The trick is not to【C19】________just one or even two dimensions of the objective, but also to understand how to help people better【C20】________the objective.
【C8】
选项 A、hired
B、trained
C、rewarded
D、grouped
答案C
解析 本题考查动词辨析。本动词是被动语态作表语，其主语是drivers。本动词由连接词or构成一个平行对应结构，连接词0r的意思是“或者”，表达两种对立性的选择，根据原文已知的动作punished(被处罚)，可以直接判断本题的答案为C项rewarded(奖励)，即司机按照所用的时间受到奖励或处罚。
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