Most of the colleges of education in the United States are doing an inadequate job of 【B1】______ elementary teachers for teachin

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问题     Most of the colleges of education in the United States are doing an inadequate job of 【B1】______ elementary teachers for teaching children to read, a recent report by the US National Council on Teacher Quality(NCTQ)【B2】______.
    Teacher-education programmes across the US are failing to teach the five elements of effective reading instruction that research has proved are【B3】______ —phonemic(音素的,音位的) awareness, phonics(读音法), vocabulary, fluency and comprehension,【B4】______ "What Education Schools Aren’t Teaching About Reading and What Elementary Teachers Aren’t Learning,"【B5】______ by NCTQ.
    The report’s authors gathered information on required reading courses from a sample that was deemed【B6】______ the nation’s nearly 1,300 teacher-education programmes.
    "Almost all of the 72【B7】______ in our sample earned a ’failing’ grade," the report says. Only 11 per cent of the colleges reviewed taught all the【B8】______, while nearly one-fourth didn’t appear to teach any of them. Those elements【B9】______ necessary for effective reading instruction in the 2000 report of the US National Reading Panel(NRP)and have been the driving force behind state and federal【B10】______ for raising student achievement ever since.
    Many colleges of education have already begun reorganizing their reading courses to include more of the research on effective instruction.
【B4】

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答案according to

解析 空格前的内容是一种观点,空格后为一篇报告,由此可推断此空需要引导观点出处的词(组)。according to“依照”。
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