2. 外语
  3. It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their res

It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their res

admin2012-04-09  31
问题     It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.
    No longer. The Internet — and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it — is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.
    The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.
    This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. This is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids (混合物) of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.
What is the main idea of the passage?
选项 A、The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.
B、A new mode of publication is emerging.
C、Authors welcome the new channel for publication.
D、Publication is rendered easier by online service.
答案B
解析 文章第一段重点介绍了出版科学研究结论的传统方式，第二段介绍一种新型的出版方式即网络出版，并说明其重要意义：使得科技人员容易获得科学结果。第三段指出科学的价值和投资回报取决于研究结果的传播和易获取性。第四段具体介绍了网络出版的主要模式。由此可知，整篇文章都在围绕网络出版这一新的出版方式展开讨论，故答案为B)。从文中可知，互联网对传统出版行业而不是对出版商构成威胁，且在线出版商本身也属于出版商一类，故排除A)；文中未提及发表研究结果论文的作者们对网络出版的态度，而且也并非本文主题，故排除C)。文中虽提及在线服务使得出版更加简单，但并未对其加以详细讨论，故排除D)。
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