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  3. Each for its own reason, the study of residential mobility has been a concern of three disciplines: sociology, economics, and g

Each for its own reason, the study of residential mobility has been a concern of three disciplines: sociology, economics, and g

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问题     Each for its own reason, the study of residential mobility has been a concern of three disciplines: sociology,  economics, and geography.  For the economist,  residential shifts provide a means for studying the housing and land markets. 71. Geographers study mobility to understand the spatial distributions of population types.  For the sociologist,  interest in residential mobility has two sources: one stemming from the study of human ecology and the other, from a concern with the peculiar qualities of urban life. Of course, there are clearly overlapping concerns and it is often difficult to discern the disciplinary origins of a researcher by soly examining the kinds of questions he or she raises about mobility although it is usually easier to identify a researcher’s discipline by nothing the methods used and the concepts employed.
    Urban mobility first appears in the sociological literature as a term expressing rather generalized qualities of urban, as opposed to non-urban life. 72. Some sociologists refer to the mobility of the city as the considerable sum of myriad and incessant sources of stimulation impinging upon the urban dweller, a sort of sensory overload which produces sophistication, indifference, and a lowered level of affect in urban dwellers, There is simply so much to experience that the urban dweller’s capacity is reduced to react in a a spontaneous" and "natural" way to urban existence. 73. It is mobility in this sense that produces some of the special qualities of urban life, which appeal to migrants as an escape from the dullness and oppression of rural existence with its lack of change and stimulation, and, on the other hand produces anomie (社会反常状态)and alienation in a society where men see each other primarily as means to ends rather than as ends in themselves. Of course, mobility in this larger sense of sensory overload is not a system property.
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答案正是这种意义上的流动性给都市生活带来了一些特色，作为逃避缺少变化和刺激的、枯燥而又压抑的农村生活的一种方式，它们对流动工人很有吸引力；而这种流动性还会导致社会反常状态和感情的疏远，因为在这样一个社会人们把对方主要看作是实现目标的手段而不是他们自己的目标。
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