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  3. Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stron

Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stron

admin2023-03-23  81
问题     Teenagers are paradoxical. That’s a mild and detached way of saying something that parents often express with considerably stronger language. But the paradox is scientific as well as personal. In adolescence, helpless and dependent children who have relied on grown-ups for just about everything become independent people who can take care of themselves and help each other. At the same time, once cheerful and compliant children become rebellious teenage risk-takers.
    A new study published in the journal Child Development, by Eveline Crone of the University of London and colleagues, suggests that the positive and negative sides of teenagers go hand in hand. The study is part of a new wave of thinking about adolescence. For a long time, scientists and policy makers concentrated on the idea that teenagers were a problem that needed to be solved. The new work emphasizes that adolescence is a time of opportunity as well as risk.
    The researchers studied "prosocial" and rebellious traits in more than 200 children and young adults, ranging from 11 to 28 years old. The participants filled out questionnaires about how often they did things that were altruistic and positive, like sacrificing their own interests to help a friend, or rebellious and negative, like getting drunk or staying out late.
    Other studies have shown that rebellious behavior increases as you become a teenager and then fades away as you grow older. But the new study shows that, interestingly, the same pattern holds for prosocial behavior. Teenagers were more likely than younger children or adults to report that they did things like unselfishly help a friend.
    Most significantly, there was a positive correlation between prosociality and rebelliousness. The teenagers who were more rebellious were also more likely to help others. The good and bad sides of adolescence seem to develop together.
    Is there some common factor that underlies these apparently contradictory developments? One idea is that teenage behavior is related to what researchers call "reward sensitivity. " Decision-making always involves balancing rewards and risks, benefits and costs. "Reward sensitivity" measures how much reward it takes to outweigh risk.
    Teenagers are particularly sensitive to social rewards—winning the game, impressing a new friend, getting that boy to notice you. Reward sensitivity, like prosocial behavior and risk-taking, seems to go up in adolescence and then down again as we age. Somehow, when you hit 30, the chance that something exciting and new will happen at that party just doesn’t seem to outweigh the effort of getting up off the couch.
What is the text mainly about?
选项 A、Why teenagers are self-contradictory.
B、Why teenagers are risk-sensitive.
C、How teenagers develop prosociality.
D、How teenagers become independent.
答案A
解析 主旨题。由题干可知该题为主旨大意题，故需从整体上把握文章的内容。文章第一段开头就提到了主题，即“青少年是自相矛盾的”。文章第二至五段涉及的是克罗恩的研究，其中指出青春期是好坏并存的，并不只是人们普遍认为的青少年的叛逆期。最后两段指出青春期存在矛盾性的原因。纵观整篇文章，都是围绕“青少年是矛盾体”展开的，故正确答案为A。选项B中的risk-sensitive 与文章的主题不符，文中提到的是 reward sensitivity，故排除选项 B。选项C中的prosociality 只是青少年青春期好的一面，并不能代表文章的主题，属于以偏概全，故排除选项C。选项D 不符合文义，文章并不是围绕“青少年独立”这一话题展开的，故排除。
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