2. 计算机
  3. Which of the following is a correct description of the pros and cons associated with third-generation programming languages?

Which of the following is a correct description of the pros and cons associated with third-generation programming languages?

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问题 Which of the following is a correct description of the pros and cons associated with third-generation programming languages?
选项 A、The use of heuristics reduced programming effort, but the amount of manual coding for a specific task is usually more than the preceding generation.
B、The use of syntax similar to human language reduced development time, but the language is resource intensive.
C、The use of binary was extremely time consuming but resulted in fewer errors.
D、The use of symbols reduced programming time, but the language required knowledge of machine architecture.
答案B
解析 B正确。第三代编程语言囚其语法类似于人类语言，与其他早期语言相比更容易操作。这减少了程序开发的时间，也允许简化和转换调试。然而，与第二代编程语言相比，第三代编程语言非常消耗资源。
A不正确。因为这一陈述试图描述的是第四代编程的优缺点。在第四代编程语言中，对启发(heuristics)的使用的确大大减少了编程工作和编码中出错的可能性。而手工编码的数量通常多于第三代语言是不正确的。相反，第四代语言的最显著特点是执行一个特定任务所需的手工编码的数量要比第三代语言执行相同任务所需的手工编码的数量少十倍。
C不正确。因为这一陈述提及了第一代编程语言即机器语言的利弊。描述的前半句是正确的，即二进制编程非常耗时。然而，后半句是错误的。二进制编程非常易于出错。
D不正确。因为该句描述的是第二代编程语言。第二代编程语言通过引进符号表示复杂的二进制编码，减少了编程和调试次数。但是，第二代编程语言需要广泛的有关机器架构的知识，并且用它编写出的程序都是针对硬件的。
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