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  3. The installed price of solar energy has declined significantly in recent years as policy and market forces have driven more and

The installed price of solar energy has declined significantly in recent years as policy and market forces have driven more and

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问题    The installed price of solar energy has declined significantly in recent years as policy and market forces have driven more and more solar installations.
   【F1】Now, the latest data show that the continued decrease in solar prices is unlikely to slow down anytime soon, with total installed prices dropping by 5 percent for rooftop residential systems, and 12 percent for larger utility-scale solar farms. 【F2】With solar already achieving record-low prices, the cost decline observed last year indicates that the coming years will likely see utility-scale solar become cost competitive with conventional forms of electricity generation.
   A full analysis of the ongoing decline in solar prices can be found in two separate Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Reports.
   【F3】Both reports also stress the fact that while the median price of solar has declined, there is still significant variability in the cost of both rooftop and utility-scale solar installations. For example, among residential systems installed last year, the cheapest 20 percent of systems sold for less than $3.30 per Watt while the most expensive 20 percent sold for more than $5.00 per Watt. 【F4】Likewise, the cheapest 20 percent of utility-scale systems sold for less than $1.60 per Watt while the most expensive 20 percent cost over $2.60 per Watt. The point is that cheap solar in one location doesn’t necessarily mean cheap solar everywhere. The installed price still varies a lot.
   Perhaps the most interesting piece of data to come out in the latest Lawrence Berkeley National Lab reports is the trend in the price of solar power purchase agreements or PPAs. These prices reflect the price paid for long-term contracts for the bulk purchase of solar electricity. The latest data show that the solar PPA price last year fell below $50 per megawatt-hour (or 5 cents per kilowatt-hour) in 4 of the 5 regions analyzed. 【F5】In the power industry, the rule of thumb for the average market price of electricity is about $30 to $40 per megawatt-hour—so solar is all set to match the price of conventional power generation if prices continue to decline.
   Going forward, the declining price of solar across all categories demonstrated by the latest Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory reports coupled with the extension of the federal renewable energy investment tax credit through the next three years should drive a continued expansion of the U.S. solar market and even more favorable economics in the next few years.
【F2】
选项
答案太阳能价格已达到历史最低值。去年太阳能成本下降趋势明显，这表明了在未来的几年中公用事业规模的太阳能发电厂比传统发电厂更具成本竞争力。
解析 ①本句是一个复合句，包含一个宾语从句。句首是由with引导的独立主格结构充当的伴随状语。主句为主谓宾结构，其中observed是过去分词作定语，修饰主语the cost decline。②主句谓语indicates后接that引导的宾语从句，该从句为主语+谓语+宾语+宾补的结构，become cost competitive．．．为宾语补足语，对宾语utility-scale solar的进一步描述和解释。
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