2. 外语
  3. Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the

Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the

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问题     Most conceptions of the process of motivation begin with the assumption that behavior is, at least in part, directed towards the attainment of goals or towards the satisfaction of needs or motives. Accordingly, it is appropriate to begin our consideration of motivation in the work place by examining the motives for working. Simon points out that an organization should be able to secure the participation of a person by offering him inducements (引诱)which contribute in some way to at least one of his goals. The kinds of inducements offered by an organization are varied, and if they are effective in maintaining participation they must necessarily be based on the needs of the individuals.
    Maslow examines in detail what these needs are. He points out not only that there are many needs ranging from basic physiological drives such as hunger to a more abstract desire for self-realization,  but also that they are arranged in a hierarchy(等级制度 )whereby the lower-order needs must to a large degree be satisfied before the higher-order ones come into play.
    One of the most obvious ways in which work organizations attract and retain members is through the realization, that economic factors are not the only inducement for working as indicated by Morse and Weiss. In line with the social respect and self-realization needs discussed by Maslow, factors such as association with others, self-respect gained through the work, and a high interest value of the work can serve effectively to induce people to work.
Which of the following is NOT a higher need that attracts people to work?
选项 A、Association with others.
B、Possibility of earning a good salary.
C、Interest value of the work.
D、Cultivation of self-respect.
答案B
解析 细节题。文章最后一段指出经济因素并不是人们工作的唯一因素，诸如与他人交往的需要(associations with others)，通过工作得到自尊的需要(self-respect gained through the work)，以及工作所具有的兴趣价值(high interest value of the work)都可以吸引人们工作，由此可见A，C，D都是正确的。因此选择B，因为工资只是为了满足人们的基本需要。答案是B。
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大学英语四级

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