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  3. Sport psychology research has documented the important rote of significant adults such as parents and coaches in youth participa

Sport psychology research has documented the important rote of significant adults such as parents and coaches in youth participa

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问题     Sport psychology research has documented the important rote of significant adults such as parents and coaches in youth participants’ psychosocial development and achievement motivation. However, the situation concerning parents and coaches in youth sport is somewhat of a conundrum—the roles of coach and parent are often synonymous, suggesting not simply an independent relationship with the child participant.
    In recent years, a growing body of literature has emerged on parent influence in youth sport based on these and other theories. First, research shows that parents who are more supportive and less pressuring of their children are associated with youth participants who report higher perceived competence, enjoyment, and intrinsic motivation toward sport. Second, parents who encourage their child’s participation and exhibit enjoyment of physical activity are related to children who report higher perceived competence and attraction toward physical activity.  Finally, parents who hold stronger positive beliefs about their child’s physical competence are associated with children who report higher self-perceptions, value toward sport, and physical activity levels.
    A prevalent phenomenon of North American culture is the parent-coach dual role. Most coaches in competitive youth sport are parents of one or more of their players. Brown estimated that about 90% of the volunteer coaches in a given community are a parent of one or more team members. Although one can forward several positive aspects of the parent-coach phenomenon, there is also the potential for youth to perceive stress from this parent-child relationship. Several researchers reported that adolescent athletes felt pressure from their coaches and parents to perform well, and desired that parents be sources of social support and leave skill and strategy instruction to the coach’s domain. Collectively, anecdotal accounts and empirical data suggest that exploring the benefits and costs of parents coaching their children is a worthy topic from both theoretical and applied perspectives.
    Therefore, based on previous research on the role of parents and coaches in youth development, the purpose of the present study was to gain knowledge about the parent-coach phenomenon in competitive youth sport. We accomplished this purpose by interviewing youth soccer players who were coached by their parent, the child’s teammates, and the parent-coach. We expect that child participants would identify both positive and negative aspects of having a parent as their coach, in line with previous research, but we were most curious to know if different issues would be raised about the unique parent-coach/child-athlete relationship.
What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
选项 A、The influences from parents to children’s competence can be either positive or negative.
B、Parents’ beliefs and behaviors are strongly related to children’s psychological and behavioral outcomes.
C、Parents who give less pressuring can raise more competitive athletes.
D、With the encouragement from parents, children can have inner motivations themselves.
答案B
解析 段落主旨题；提问方式很直接，我们通读第二段之后进行总结，段落中的3个层次非常清楚，考生在阅读中要首先关注“First Second和Finally”这样的结构标志词。在这样清楚的结构中，我们再比较阅读4个选项，A选项是不对的，原文的3个层次所论述的都是家长对孩子积极的影响，A选项所说的negative是原文没有的，排除A选项。B选项的概括是全面而正确的。C选项和D选项的错误类型一样，都是片面的选项，请考生比较全面的正确选项和片面的干扰选项，体会命题思路。
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考研英语一

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