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Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers

admin2012-05-04  63
问题     Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers, researchers say.
    Some of the most【C1】______sights in nature happen when animals form【C2】______ groups and move together as if【C3】______. Earlier work has shown that fish in large groups make better decisions than【C4】______or small groups.
    Many theories have been【C5】______ about how animals might communicate in order to【C6】______this. But now it appears really simple. The researchers【C7】______groups of two, four or eight mosquito fish in a square arena for five minutes【C8】______studied the movements of individuals in each group. The【C9】______of the swimming fish were fed into software which acts like many pairs of eyes to keep【C10】______ on the direction and speed of each fish in the school and【C11】______it responds to other fish around it.
    As schools of fish rarely suffer from crashes or【C12】______, the rules they use could also【C13】______be applied to robotic systems to solve traffic problems. If a system could be【C14】______ where each car knew where each car was and they could respond to each other and communicate with each other, traffic problems【C15】______ be avoid.
    The researchers used a technique called artificial neural networks to look for【C16】______ in the data. And it turns out the【C17】______ well-organized swimming that fish in shoals【C18】______is actually caused by each fish using very simple rules to respond to its neighbors. These rules include " accelerate towards a neighbor that is far away from you" and " decelerate when a neighbor is【C19】______ in front of you". It is also found that a fish only responds to a single nearest neighbor at any one time. Those【C20】______ to be the rules people use when they are driving.
【C14】
选项 A、structured
B、operated
C、engineered
D、improved
答案C
解析 动词辨析题。句意为：如果可以设计一个系统，让每辆汽车都知道其他车辆的位置，能彼此沟通并作出反应，这样就将会避免交通问题。根据上一题的分析可知，本段所讲的都是一些设想，像这样可加强交通秩序的系统目前还不存在，而研究者们希望研发出这样的程序系统。只有engineered“设计”符合上下文语境。其余三个选项，“组织，建造”、“操作”、“改善”均表示这种系统已经存在，不符合上述分析，因此均应排除。
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