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  3. Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers

Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers

admin2012-05-04  70
问题     Shoals of fish are able to move and turn in seamless formation by following simple rules that are like those used by car drivers, researchers say.
    Some of the most【C1】______sights in nature happen when animals form【C2】______ groups and move together as if【C3】______. Earlier work has shown that fish in large groups make better decisions than【C4】______or small groups.
    Many theories have been【C5】______ about how animals might communicate in order to【C6】______this. But now it appears really simple. The researchers【C7】______groups of two, four or eight mosquito fish in a square arena for five minutes【C8】______studied the movements of individuals in each group. The【C9】______of the swimming fish were fed into software which acts like many pairs of eyes to keep【C10】______ on the direction and speed of each fish in the school and【C11】______it responds to other fish around it.
    As schools of fish rarely suffer from crashes or【C12】______, the rules they use could also【C13】______be applied to robotic systems to solve traffic problems. If a system could be【C14】______ where each car knew where each car was and they could respond to each other and communicate with each other, traffic problems【C15】______ be avoid.
    The researchers used a technique called artificial neural networks to look for【C16】______ in the data. And it turns out the【C17】______ well-organized swimming that fish in shoals【C18】______is actually caused by each fish using very simple rules to respond to its neighbors. These rules include " accelerate towards a neighbor that is far away from you" and " decelerate when a neighbor is【C19】______ in front of you". It is also found that a fish only responds to a single nearest neighbor at any one time. Those【C20】______ to be the rules people use when they are driving.
【C14】
选项 A、structured
B、operated
C、engineered
D、improved
答案C
解析 动词辨析题。句意为：如果可以设计一个系统，让每辆汽车都知道其他车辆的位置，能彼此沟通并作出反应，这样就将会避免交通问题。根据上一题的分析可知，本段所讲的都是一些设想，像这样可加强交通秩序的系统目前还不存在，而研究者们希望研发出这样的程序系统。只有engineered“设计”符合上下文语境。其余三个选项，“组织，建造”、“操作”、“改善”均表示这种系统已经存在，不符合上述分析，因此均应排除。
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