首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1)Daylight saving time(DST)is the convention of advancing clocks so that afternoons have more daylight and mornings have less.
(1)Daylight saving time(DST)is the convention of advancing clocks so that afternoons have more daylight and mornings have less.
admin
2016-11-03
46
问题
(1)Daylight saving time(DST)is the convention of advancing clocks so that afternoons have more daylight and mornings have less. Typically clocks are adjusted forward one hour near the start of spring and are adjusted backward in autumn. Modern DST was first proposed in 1907 by William Willett. Many countries have used it since then; details vary by location and change occasionally.
(2)General agreement about the day’s layout confers so many advantages that a standard DST schedule usually outranks efforts to get up earlier, even for people who personally dislike the DST schedule. The practice is mixed blessing, however.
(3)For instance, retailers, sporting goods makers, and other businesses benefit from extra afternoon sunlight, as it induces customers to shop and to participate in outdoor afternoon sports. As the 1984 Fortune magazine estimated that a seven-week extension of DST would yield an additional $30 million for 7-Eleven stores, and the National Golf Foundation estimated the extension would increase golf industry revenues $200 million to $300 million. Conversely, DST can adversely affect farmers and others whose hours are set by the sun. For example, grain harvesting is best done after dew evaporates, so when field hands arrive and leave earlier in summer their labor is less valuable. DST also hurts prime-time broadcast ratings and drive-in and other theaters.
(4)Clock shifts correlate with decreased economic efficiency. In 2000 the daylight-saving effect implied an estimated one-day loss of $31 billion on U.S. stock exchanges. Clock shifts and DST rule changes have a direct economic cost, since they entail extra work to support remote meetings, computer applications and the like. For example, a 2007 North American rule change cost an estimated $500 million to $1 billion.
(5)Extra afternoon daylight is said to reduce traffic fatalities. In 1975 the U.S. DOT conservatively identified a 0.7% reduction in traffic fatalities during DST, and estimated the real reduction to be 1.5% to 2%, but the 1976 NBS review of the DOT study found no differences in traffic fatalities. In 1995 the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety estimated a reduction of 1.2%, including a 5% reduction in crashes fatal to pedestrians. Others have found similar reductions. Single/Double Summer Time(SDST), a variant where clocks are one hour ahead of the sun in winter and two in summer, has been projected to reduce traffic fatalities by 3% to 4% in the UK, compared to ordinary DST. A correlation between clock shifts and accidents has been observed in North America but not in Sweden. If this effect exists, it is far smaller than the overall reduction in fatalities.
(6)However, the effect of DST on crime is less clear. In the 1970s the U.S. Law Enforcement Assistance Administration(LEAA)found a reduction of 10% to 13% in Washington, D.C.’s violent crime rate during DST. However, the LEAA did not filter out other factors, and it examined only two cities and found crime reductions only in one and only in some crime categories; the DOT decided it was "impossible to conclude with any confidence that comparable benefits would be found nationwide". Outdoor lighting has a marginal and sometimes even contradictory influence on crime and fear of crime.
(7)DST also has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one’s location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin cancer. Sunlight strongly influences seasonal affective disorder. DST may help in depression by causing individuals to rise earlier, but some argue the reverse. The Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness, chaired by blind sports magnate Gordon Gund, successfully lobbied in 1985 and 2005 for U.S. DST extensions, but DST can hurt night blindness sufferers.
(8)Clock shifts disrupt sleep and reduce its efficiency. Effects on seasonal adaptation of the circadian rhythm can be severe and last for weeks. The government of Kazakhstan cited health complications due to clock shifts as a reason for abolishing DST in 2005.
(9)Although the DST increases opportunities for outdoor leisure activities during afternoon sunlight hours, obviously it does not change the length of the day; the longer days nearer the summer solstice in high latitudes merely offer more room to shift apparent daylight from morning to evening. And the DST is commonly not observed during most of winter, because its mornings are darker: workers may have no sunlit leisure time, and children may need to leave for school in the dark.
According to the passage, the DST _____.
选项
A、offers one more hour in the afternoon both in the seasons of summer and winter
B、causes people to get up one hour earlier in summer but not in winter
C、adjusts the time of people’s activity arrangement to make full use of the day time
D、causes people to end the activities in the morning one hour later in winter
答案
C
解析
第1段首句提到,夏令时人为调整时钟以延长下午时间和缩短上午时间,调整时间的最终目的是为了调整人们的活动安排,以充分利用白昼时间,故答案为C。A中的offer one more hour显然不符合常识,能快速排除;春夏季白昼长,时钟被调快以延长下午时间,不需人们早起;秋冬季白昼短,人们则需早起以提早结束上午活动而进入下午活动,故B、D均错误。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/7u7O777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ScientistshavelongbeeninterestedinhowthedeafprocesssignedlanguagesinthebraiaUnderstandingthatactivitycouldsh
Lastyear,whensquattersbrokeintoAnnKeen’shouseonaquiet,suburbanstreetinBrentford,westLondon,theneighbours’rea
Thefirstmoderndigitalcomputersweredevelopedinthe1940sformilitarypurposesthataroseduringWorldWarII.Thesecomp
Startingthismonth,roughlyonequarteroftheworld’spopulationwilllosesleepandgainsunlightastheysettheirclockson
InawindowlessroomontheUniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,campus,twoundergradsareplayingaMonopolygamethatoneoft
Whatisthenewsmainlyabout?
Inourlives,wehavetomakemanydecisions.SomepeoplesaythatweshouldthinkaboutthemCarefullybecauseahurrieddecisi
Aswehaveseen,thereisnothingaboutlanguageassuchthatmakeslinguisticidentitycoextensivewithnationalidentity."If
PASSAGEFOURWhydoscientistsexaminethegenomesofastronauts?
PASSAGETHREEAccordingtoFransdeWaal,wheredoesmoralitycomefrom?
随机试题
具有有开窍醒神,辟秽止痛之效的药物是
某男,63岁,2小时前活动中出现心胸疼痛,胸部闷窒,伴心悸、喘促、汗出,经含化复方丹参滴丸等药治疗无效。现病人仍心前区疼痛、胸中闷窒、动则加重,心中恐惧,出汗,舌体胖大,舌质黯淡,苔白,脉细无力。
如图所示的职能组织结构中,m、f1、f2、f3、g1、g2等分别代表不同的工作部门或主管人员。这个组织结构表明()。
注册商标有效期满需要续展的,应当在()申请续展注册。
根据《会计法》规定,下列情形中,会计证的发证机关不予办理年检的是()。
证券投资基金体现当事人之间的()。
简述促进知识概括的主要方法。
某招聘会在入场前若干分钟就开始排队,每分钟来的求职人数一样多,从开始入场到等候入场的队伍消失,同时开4个人口需30分钟,同时开5个人口需20分钟。如果同时打开6个人口,需多少分钟?
某人想用20块长2米、宽1.2米的金属网建一个靠墙的长方形鸡窝。为防止鸡飞出去,鸡窝的高度不得低于2米,要使所建的鸡窝面积最大,长度需要多少米?
营养不良性口角炎(angularcheilitis)
最新回复
(
0
)