2. 外语
  3. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or

Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or

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问题     Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories【C1】______on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently【C2】______for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through【C3】______with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in【C4】______to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,【C5】______as a rejection of middle-class values.
    Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, 【C6】______the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes【C7】______lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are【C8】______to criticism.
    Changes in the social structure may indirectly【C9】______juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that【C10】______to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment【C11】______make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in【C12】______lead more youths into criminal behavior.
    Families have also【C13】______changes these years. More families consist of one- parent households or two working parents;【C14】______, children are likely to have less supervision at home【C15】______was common in the traditional family【C16】______. This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates.
    Other【C17】______causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased【C18】______of drugs and alcohol, and the growing【C19】______of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act,【C20】______a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
【C2】
选项 A、scolded
B、reproached
C、tortured
D、penalized
答案D
解析 词义辨析题 scold sb．(for sth．／doing sth．)“骂，责骂(尤指儿童)；叱责某人”；reproach sb．／oneself(for sth．)“责备某人(自己)(尤指因未做成某事)”；torture“使(某人)极其痛苦，折磨”；penalize sb．(for sth．)“(因犯规或违法)处罚某人”。文中指青少年犯罪的原因所在，故选D，指违法后处罚力度不够。
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