2. 外语
  3. Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused b

Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused b

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问题    Most episodes of absent-mindedness — forgetting where you left something or wondering why you just entered a room — are caused by a simple lack of attention, says Schacter. "You’re supposed to remember something, but you haven’t encoded it deeply."
   Encoding, Schacter explains, is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a major impact on recalling it later. Failure to encode properly can create annoying situations. If you put your mobile phone in a pocket, for example, and don’t pay attention to what you did because you’re involved in a conversation, you’ll probably forget that the phone is in the jacket now hanging in your wardrobe. "Your memory itself isn’t failing you, " says Schacter. "Rather, you didn’t give your memory system the information it needed."
   Lack of interest can also lead to absent-mindedness. "A man who can recite sports statistics from 30 years ago, " says Zelinski, "may not remember to drop a letter in the mailbox." Women have slightly better memories than men, possibly because they pay more attention to their environment, and memory relies on just that.
   Visual cues can help prevent absent-mindedness, says Schacter. "But be sure the cue is clear and available, " he cautions. If you want to remember to take a medication with lunch, put the pill bottle on the kitchen table — don’t leave it in the medicine chest and write yourself a note that you keep in a pocket.
   Another common episode of absent-mindedness: walking into a room and wondering why you’re there. Most likely, you were thinking about something else. "Everyone does this from time to time, " says Zelinski. The best thing to do is to return to where you were before entering the room, and you’ll likely remember.
Why does the author think that encoding properly is very important?
选项 A、It helps us understand our memory system better.
B、It enables us to recall something from our memory.
C、It expands our memory capacity considerably.
D、It slows down the process of losing our memory.
答案B
解析 作者第一次提到encode是在第一段末尾，然后在第二段开头对encode做了详细说明。全句是： “Encoding，Schacter explains，is a special way of paying attention to an event that has a maior impact on recalling it later．”意思是“编码是一种对事件加以关注的特殊方式”。“has a major impact on recalling it later”，意为对以后想起这一事件有很大影响。 换句话说，Encoding可以使我们回忆起发生过的事件，其原理是对发生的事件给予特殊关注。四个答案中B的说法与此一致，故选B项。
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