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  3. The availability to occupations depends also on shifts in the national economy and increasingly on economic developments worldwi

The availability to occupations depends also on shifts in the national economy and increasingly on economic developments worldwi

admin2010-05-25  72
问题      The availability to occupations depends also on shifts in the national economy and increasingly on economic developments worldwide. There are several ways to measure these effects, including the rate of unemployment, the international balance of trade, and the productivity of American workers.
     The unemployment rate is a standard measure of joblessness in a community, state, or nation as a whole. Computed by standards set by the United States Department of Labor, the measure is made by taking a random sample of households in an area. It is an estimate of the percentage of people who are not working but are looking for work.
     The unemployment rate has been said to under-represent the actual unemployed because those who have stopped looking for work are not counted. It is a comparable statistic from state to state, however, because it is computed in the same manner. Traditionally an unemployment rate of 4 percent is considered full employment because people quit, change jobs, or are fired regardless of the relative health of the economy. In contrast the national unemployment rate reached as high as 25 percent during the Great Depression of the 1930s.
     When unemployment is low, people work and receive payment. They in turn buy goods and services that keep the work force employed and growing. This is an expanding economy. When unemployment is high, there is less money to purchase goods and services because fewer people are working. Fewer goods are sold, and businesses lose money and reduce the number of workers. This is a contracting economy.
     The United States government has many safeguards for the economy. It cannot, however, prevent dislocations due to technological change. A manufacturing process can suddenly become obsolete when a new technology is developed. Economic hardship may occur in a region even though the same goods are still being produced. An example is the industrial Midwest in the early 1980s. Increasingly manufacturers, both in the United States and abroad, were using foreign steel to make products. More finished products were also being imported, replacing American-made goods. Many workers were laid off, causing disruption of normal economic activities.
     Meanwhile high-tech manufacturing processes were developing elsewhere. California’s so-called Silicon Valley, south of San Francisco, became famous for its computer-related goods and computer-assisted design amid manufacturing processes. This was of little benefit to workers displaced by the obsolescence of traditional manufacturing. Because of a lack of transferable skills, many could not make the change. Some workers were laid-off indefinitely, forcing them to accept jobs that paid less or imposing upon them essentially permanent unemployment.
     Leaders of American business and education are sensitive to these issues. Increasingly concerned with the productivity of the individual worker, business people and educators have formed alliances to save local jobs by improving the work force and by redesigning the curricula of schools and training centers to encourage the development of useful skills.
According to the author, the unemployment rate is often made by
选项 A、counting the number of unemployed people in a country.
B、measuring the international balance of trade.
C、interviewing people in the street.
D、sampling randomly households in an area.
答案D
解析 细节题。根据第二段提到的“…the measure is made by taking a random sample of households in an area．”可见失业率是在某一地区对各家庭随机抽样而得出的，故选D
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