首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Intelligence used to be seen as a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some ways t
Intelligence used to be seen as a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some ways t
admin
2013-02-05
39
问题
Intelligence used to be seen as a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some ways the extent of our achievements. Since the Intelligence Quotient was relatively unaffected by bad teaching or a dull home environment, it remained constant. Its value, therefore, was a predictor of children’s future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently—and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within schools was obvious.
Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, re search has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. Perhaps most important, there is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of the environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and in intelligence tests—a fact which could be explained on genetic grounds—but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates. Evidence like this lends support to the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence. Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will obviously restrict development, no matter how stimulating the environment. But we cannot observe or measure innate intelligence; whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Changes may occur in our observations or measurements, if the environment is changed. In other words, the Intelligence Quotient is not constant.
Researches over the past decade have been investigating what happens in this interaction. Work in this country has shown that parental interest and encouragement are more important than the material circumstances of the home.
Two major findings have emerged from these studies. Firstly, that the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. In other words, deprivation in the first four or five years of life can have greater consequences than any of the following twelve or so years.
Secondly, the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter’s lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptional experiences.
These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now sec it as a set of developed skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed, the fundamental one is learning how to learn.
The term "fixed entity" in the first paragraph can best be interpreted as ______.
选项
A、an invariable constant
B、a stable faculty of the mind
C、an inherited fixed capacity
D、a specific innate potential
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8PI7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Someoneintheofficehadamistake,andthefirm______(对顾客造成不便表示了歉意).
SometimeagoafriendwhohadlosthisCityjobconfessedhehadconsideredkillinghimself.Iwasappalledbutnotsurprised:
A、Itchangesthebody’smetabolismthroughrapidweightgain.B、Ittricksthebodyintorespondingasifitwereinadifferent
A、Thestoriesprobablyweren’ttrue.B、Tomdoesn’tusuallytellfunnystories.C、She’ssurprisedTomwassoseriouslastnight.
Americaisacountrythatnowsitsatopthecherishedmyththatworkprovidesrewards,thatworkingpeoplecansupporttheirfam
Heissostubbornthatnoonecan______(成功地说服他放弃那一计划).
A、TheirneighborMr.Churchillwillhelpthempaintthehouse.B、Theirhouseisstillnewanddoesn’tneedanypaintwork.C、The
Themajorityoftheboardmanagreedwiththeproposalthat______(妇女在工作和生活中应得到公平待遇).
A、Theyshouldchangethewaytheyteach.B、Apoetryclasscouldbemoreinformative.C、Theirteachingwasanenjoyableexperienc
随机试题
肝内胆管结石的特征有()(2010年)
A.B超B.CTC.泌尿系统平片D.静脉尿路造影肾积水的确诊选用
A.倍散B.散剂C.颗粒剂D.低共熔E.糕剂当两种或更多种药物混合后,有时出现润湿或液化现象称为
工程项目策划指的是通过调查研究和收集资料,在充分占有信息的基础上,针对项目的决策和实施,进行组织、管理、经济和技术等方面的科学分析和论证,其目的是为了()。
导游人员不仅是服务者,又是旅游团活动的主导者。()
根据以下资料,回答下列问题。2010年人口普查,某省外出人口达2091.4万人,占全省人口总数26%。其中,外出省内1040.8万人,外出省外1050.6万人,分别占外出人口总数的49.8%和50.2%,在省内外来人口中,有82.8%的人口由乡村到城镇。
()指标通过计算项目的净利润产出总额,帮助了解组织的主要利润来源。
在Word文字处理软件的界面上,单击工具栏上的“打印”按钮,其作用是(13),使所有标点符号都占一个汉字宽度的排版方式称为(14)。
按层次次序将一棵有n个结点的完全二叉树的所有结点从1到n编号,当i<n/2时,编号为i的结点的左子女的编号是
语句“pfintf(“a\bhow\‘are\’y\\\bou\n”);”的输出结果是()。
最新回复
(
0
)