首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Intelligence used to be seen as a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some ways t
Intelligence used to be seen as a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some ways t
admin
2013-02-05
34
问题
Intelligence used to be seen as a fixed entity, some faculty of the mind that we all possess and which determines in some ways the extent of our achievements. Since the Intelligence Quotient was relatively unaffected by bad teaching or a dull home environment, it remained constant. Its value, therefore, was a predictor of children’s future learning. If they differed markedly in their ability to learn complex tasks, then it was clearly necessary to educate them differently—and the need for different types of school and even different ability groups within schools was obvious.
Today, we are beginning to think differently. In the last few years, re search has thrown doubt on the view that innate intelligence can ever be measured and on the very nature of intelligence itself. Perhaps most important, there is considerable evidence now which shows the great influence of the environment both on achievement and intelligence. Children with poor home backgrounds not only do less well in their school work and in intelligence tests—a fact which could be explained on genetic grounds—but their performance tends to deteriorate gradually compared with that of their more fortunate classmates. Evidence like this lends support to the view that we have to distinguish between genetic intelligence and observed intelligence. Any deficiency in the appropriate genes will obviously restrict development, no matter how stimulating the environment. But we cannot observe or measure innate intelligence; whereas we can observe and measure the effects of the interaction of whatever is inherited with whatever stimulation has been received from the environment. Changes may occur in our observations or measurements, if the environment is changed. In other words, the Intelligence Quotient is not constant.
Researches over the past decade have been investigating what happens in this interaction. Work in this country has shown that parental interest and encouragement are more important than the material circumstances of the home.
Two major findings have emerged from these studies. Firstly, that the greater part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life. 50 percent of measurable intelligence at age 17 is already predictable by the age of four. In other words, deprivation in the first four or five years of life can have greater consequences than any of the following twelve or so years.
Secondly, the most important factors in the environment are language and psychological aspects of the parent-child relationship. Much of the difference in measured intelligence between "privileged" and "disadvantaged" children may be due to the latter’s lack of appropriate verbal stimulation and the poverty of their perceptional experiences.
These research findings have led to a revision in our understanding of the nature of intelligence. Instead of it being some largely inherited fixed power of the mind, we now sec it as a set of developed skills with which a person copes with any environment. These skills have to be learned and, indeed, the fundamental one is learning how to learn.
The term "fixed entity" in the first paragraph can best be interpreted as ______.
选项
A、an invariable constant
B、a stable faculty of the mind
C、an inherited fixed capacity
D、a specific innate potential
答案
C
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8PI7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Hasyourchildcrackedabookthissummer?Althoughadultsoftenjumpatthechancetocatchupontheirreadingduringvaca
InAmerica,peoplearefacedwithmoreandmoredecisionseveryday,whetherit’spickingoneof31icecream【B1】______ordecidi
Onecalledherbossa"bitchfromhell"whileanotheradmitted"lyingthroughhisteethatinterview.BoththeBritishjob【B1】__
A、Sheisapplyingforfinancialaid.B、Sheisrunningaroundtheoffice.C、Sheisextendingherstudentvisa.D、Sheisapplying
Awkward!NinestickyworksituationsandhowtofixthemDealingwithweirdnessintheofficeisnevereasy,butit’sessent
A、Towriteabusinessletter.B、Toprovideproofofthedeal.C、Tofindoutthemistakesofaletter.D、Tofinishreadingthele
A、Nomorephonecalltoher.B、Aphonecallinafewdays.C、Achangeofthesalesman.D、Adiscountofthegoods.A预览选项可知,[A]和[B
A、Thisyear’sshuttlemissionisabigstepinspaceexploration.B、Theshuttleflightwillbebroadcastliveworldwide.C、Them
随机试题
下面有关for循环的正确描述是()。
健康相关生活质量评价的内容不包括
以下属于中风脱证的临床表现有
点在具有直径为6m的轨道上运动,走过的距离是s=3t2,则点在2s末的切向加速度为()。
一桁架及其承载情况如图,三杆的抗拉(压)刚度EA相同,则其中杆BD的轴力N为( )。
大连对外贸易有限公司(2562565204)进口一批进料加工材料,全部用于加工返销。手册号为C18520463851,预录入号为5921036495187。“运输方式”栏应填写()。
理财产品宣传销售文本应当全面、客观反映理财产品的重要特性和与产品有关的重要事实,语言表述应当真实、准确和清晰,不得有下列()情形。
甲公司的注册资本为200000万元,其中:国家授权投资的乙机构出资100000万元;国有企业丙出资50000万元;民营企业丁出资50000万元。甲公司的年度财务报告显示,其有公积金6000万元,公益金3000万元,未分配利润9000万元。根据上述数据资料
公开市场操作
小张的U盘中存储有企业的核心数据。针对该U盘,以下有关信息安全风险评估的描述中,不正确的是(9)。
最新回复
(
0
)