首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessi
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessi
admin
2019-06-20
20
问题
The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed "intuition" to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.
Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.
Isenberg’s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers’ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often in an " Aha!" experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that "thinking" is inseparable from acting. Since managers often "know" what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.
Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of implementing the solution.
The passage suggests which of the following about the " writers on management" mentioned in the second paragraph?
选项
A、They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.
B、They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers.
C、They have relied in drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do.
D、They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.
答案
D
解析
事实细节题。第二段第一句说,很多管理学著作的作者早就注意到,实践中一些管理者对直觉依赖很强,紧接着第二句指出,这些作者都没能理解直觉的本质。由此可知,这些作者对实践中管理者对直觉的依赖的理解有误。[D]项的表述符合文义,故为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8Ura777K
本试题收录于:
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)题库专业硕士分类
0
翻译硕士(翻译硕士英语)
专业硕士
相关试题推荐
Whichofthefollowingisaminimalpair?()
物联网(IoT,InternetofThings)即“万物相连的互联网”,是在互联网基础上延伸和扩展的网络,是将各种信息【R31】________设备与互联网结合起来而形成的一个巨大网络,可以实现在任何时间、任何地点,人、机、物的互联互通。物
Thelocalauthoritiesrealizedtheneedtomake______totelderlypeopleintheirhousingprograms.
Theworldisgoingthroughthebiggestwaveofmergersandacquisitionseverwitnessed.TheprocesssweepsfromhyperactiveAmer
Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbyabureaucraticmanagementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,
Duringthefloodof1927,theRedCross,______outofemergencyheadquartersinMississippi,setuptemporarysheltersforthe
WillthereeverbeanotherEinstein?ThisistheundercurrentofconversationatEinsteinmemorialmeetingsthroughouttheyear.
TheEnglishlanguagecontainsa(n)______ofwordswhicharecomparativelyseldomusedinordinaryconversation.
WemetRihannaandherhusbandatapartytwomonthsago.________we’vehadnofurthercommunication.
Inthenineteenthcentury,theinventionofthetelegraphmadeitpossibletosendnoises,signals,andevenmusicoverwiresfr
随机试题
HowWorkWillChangeWhenMostofUsLiveto100A)TodayintheUnitedStatesthereare72,000centenarians(百岁老人).Worldwi
A.食欲减退B.肝性脑病C.上消化道大量出血D.鼻出血,齿龈出血E.男性乳腺发育肝硬化患者最严重的并发症,也是最常见的死亡原因的是
不属于调剂一般程序的是
磨牙颌支托的宽度为
A.积滞化热B.湿热内蕴C.寒湿内滞D.宿食内滞E.气阴不足小儿花剥苔,多为
输液引起发热反应常见的原因有()。
银行在办理个人汽车贷款业务时,可采取的信用风险防控措施不包括()。
内存单元采用顺序的______方式组织,所有单元排成一队,排在最前面的单元地址为零。
A、 B、 C、 BHowmanydays是问题的关键,所以正确答案应该是说几天或几周等期限的内容。(A)用来回答Howmanypeoplewillbeaway…?这类问题,(C)适合回答Howmanyti
A、Americanshadnointerestinmakingwhiskey.B、Thegovernmentprohibiteddrinkinginthe1930s.C、Rulesweremadetosupportw
最新回复
(
0
)