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  3. A " scientific" view of language was dominant among philosophers and linguists who affected to develop a scientific analysis of

A " scientific" view of language was dominant among philosophers and linguists who affected to develop a scientific analysis of

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问题     A " scientific" view of language was dominant among philosophers and linguists who affected to develop a scientific analysis of human thought and behavior in the early part of this century. Under the force of this view, it was perhaps inevitable that the art of rhetoric should pass from the status of being regarded as of questionable worth(because although it might be both a source of pleasure and a means to urge people to right action, it might also be a means to distort truth and a source of misguided action)to the status of being wholly condemned. If people are regarded only as machines guided by logic, as they were by these "scientific" thinkers, rhetoric is likely to be held in low regard; for the most obvious truth about rhetoric is that it speaks to the whole person. It presents its arguments first to the person as a rational being, because persuasive discourse, if honestly conceived, always has a basis in reasoning. Logical argument is the plot, as it were, of any speech or essay that is respectfully intended to persuade people. Yet it is a characterizing feature of rhetoric that it goes beyond this and appeals to the parts of our nature that are involved in feeling, desiring, acting, and suffering. It recalls relevant instances of the emotional reactions of people to circumstances — real or fictional — that are similar to our own circumstances. Such is the purpose of both historical accounts and fables in persuasive discourse: they indicate literally or symbolically how people may react emotionally, with hope or fear, to particular circumstances. A speech attempting to persuade people can achieve little unless it takes into account the aspect of their being related to such hopes and fears.
    Rhetoric, then, is addressed to human beings living at particular times and in particular places. From the point of view of rhetoric, we are not merely logical thinking machines, creatures abstracted from time and space. The study of rhetoric should therefore be considered the most humanistic of the humanities, since rhetoric is not directed only to our rational selves. It takes into account what the "scientific" view leaves out. If it is a weakness to harbor feelings, then rhetoric may be thought of as dealing in weakness. But those who reject the idea of rhetoric because they believe it deals in lies and who at the same time hope to move people to action, must either be liars themselves or be very naive; pure logic has never been a motivating force unless it has been subordinated to human purposes, feelings, and desires, and thereby ceased to be pure logic.
Which of the following persuasive devices is NOT used in the passage?
选项 A、A sample of an actual speech delivered by an orator.
B、The contrast of different points of view.
C、The repetition of key ideas and expressions.
D、An analogy that seeks to explain logical argument.
答案A
解析 细节判断题。题干的意思是下列哪个劝说手段文章中没有用?根据文章可知只有A选项没有用，文章并没有提及一个实际演讲者通过口头表达的例子。故答案为A。
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