首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Many philosophers have argued that people make decisions about what’s right and wrong based on moral principles and rational tho
Many philosophers have argued that people make decisions about what’s right and wrong based on moral principles and rational tho
admin
2016-08-02
32
问题
Many philosophers have argued that people make decisions about what’s right and wrong based on moral principles and rational thought. But other philosophers—and more recently, some psychologists and neuroscientists—have argued that there’s more to the story. When faced with a moral dilemma, these scholars say, we rely on emotional reactions as well as our powers of reasoning. In a study of brain damage, published today, neuroscientists report evidence that emotions indeed exert a powerful influence on moral judgments.
In the new study, Antonio Damasio of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles and colleagues examined moral reasoning in six people who had damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex(VMPC), a brain region that regulates emotions. The researchers presented the patients with moral dilemmas that forced them to decide whether it was acceptable to sacrifice one person’s life to save several others. For example, participants had to decide whether to flip a switch that diverts a runaway trolley from a track leading to five workers to a track leading to just one worker. The researchers also gauged the decisions of 12 people without brain damage and 12 patients with damage to brain regions unconnected to emotions.
In the trolley scenario, most people in all three groups said it was okay to flip the switch. However, the VMPC patients’ decisions diverged when the scenario required inflicting direct personal harm on one person to save several others—such as shoving a large person off a bridge to slow a trolley headed for five people. From a strictly rational point of view, it’s better to save five people instead of one, but the thought of pushing an innocent person to his death is emotionally wrenching. That may explain why only about 20% of people in the control groups said they’d push. The VMPC patients, on the other hand, made the utilitarian choice about twice as often, the researchers report online today in Nature.
The findings fit nicely with other evidence that moral judgments often involve a conflict between emotion and reason and that those two competing influences rely on different networks of brain regions, says Joshua Greene, a philosopher and cognitive neuroscientist at Harvard University. But Jordan Grafman, a cognitive neuroscientist at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland, isn’t convinced that extreme moral dilemmas like the trolley problem evoke the same cognitive processes—and involve the same brain regions as moral judgments in the real world involve. Even so, he says, the study "emphasizes that disciplines other than philosophy can contribute to issues related to moral behavior. "
In the trolley scenario, most participants believe that ______.
选项
A、it’s right to flip the switch to save more people
B、it’s wrong to push an innocent person to his death
C、it’s better to save five people without hurting anyone else
D、it’s ridiculous for them to decide whether to flip the switch
答案
A
解析
根据第三段第一句“In the trolley scenario,most people in all three groups said it was okay toflip the switch”,A应为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8ooZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Whatdoconsumersreallywant?That’saquestionmarketresearcherswouldlovetoanswer.Butsincepeopledon’talwayssaywhat
Icametofeminismthewaysomepeoplecometosocialmovementsintheirearlyyears:outofself-interest.Igotontheequalit
Icametofeminismthewaysomepeoplecometosocialmovementsintheirearlyyears:outofself-interest.Igotontheequalit
TheRomanticMovementemphasizedthecreativeartistratherthanthenaturalworldastheoriginofbeauty.【F1】Accordingtothe
Marriageis,formanypeople,theirmostimportantrelationship,thesourceofmuchhappiness,and,forsome,evenaddsextraye
Marriageis,formanypeople,theirmostimportantrelationship,thesourceofmuchhappiness,and,forsome,evenaddsextraye
Overfishingofoneoftheocean’stoppredatorshastriggeredalethalchainreactionthatthreatenstodecimatepopulationsof
Overfishingofoneoftheocean’stoppredatorshastriggeredalethalchainreactionthatthreatenstodecimatepopulationsof
Overfishingofoneoftheocean’stoppredatorshastriggeredalethalchainreactionthatthreatenstodecimatepopulationsof
随机试题
“明月照窗棂,个个孔明诸葛亮;大雪飘梅岭,处处香山白乐天。”这副对联:“明月”对“大雪”()。
对一节课所包含的组成部分以及各部分的顺序、时限和相互关系的规范,在“教学论”中具体是指()
性大寒,专泻肺中水饮及痰火而平喘咳的药物为( )。
有一土钉墙支护的基坑,坑壁土层自上而下为:人工填土一黏质粉土一粉细砂,基坑底部为砂砾石层。在基坑挖到坑底时,由于降雨等原因,墙后地面发生裂缝,墙面开裂,坑壁有坍塌危险。下列哪些抢险措施是合适的?()
利用工程建设定额计算工程造价,就价格形成而言,()。
下列材料损耗,应计入预算定额材料损耗量的是()。【2016年真题】
下列关于上市公司董事会秘书的陈述,正确的有()。
莎士比亚的《四大悲剧》是()。
下列关于线性链表的叙述中,正确的是()。
Fearhelpsanimals,includinghumans,tosurvivesinceitallowsthemtoavoidpredatorsanddangeroussituations.Havingtoomu
最新回复
(
0
)