首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Many philosophers have argued that people make decisions about what’s right and wrong based on moral principles and rational tho
Many philosophers have argued that people make decisions about what’s right and wrong based on moral principles and rational tho
admin
2016-08-02
72
问题
Many philosophers have argued that people make decisions about what’s right and wrong based on moral principles and rational thought. But other philosophers—and more recently, some psychologists and neuroscientists—have argued that there’s more to the story. When faced with a moral dilemma, these scholars say, we rely on emotional reactions as well as our powers of reasoning. In a study of brain damage, published today, neuroscientists report evidence that emotions indeed exert a powerful influence on moral judgments.
In the new study, Antonio Damasio of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles and colleagues examined moral reasoning in six people who had damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex(VMPC), a brain region that regulates emotions. The researchers presented the patients with moral dilemmas that forced them to decide whether it was acceptable to sacrifice one person’s life to save several others. For example, participants had to decide whether to flip a switch that diverts a runaway trolley from a track leading to five workers to a track leading to just one worker. The researchers also gauged the decisions of 12 people without brain damage and 12 patients with damage to brain regions unconnected to emotions.
In the trolley scenario, most people in all three groups said it was okay to flip the switch. However, the VMPC patients’ decisions diverged when the scenario required inflicting direct personal harm on one person to save several others—such as shoving a large person off a bridge to slow a trolley headed for five people. From a strictly rational point of view, it’s better to save five people instead of one, but the thought of pushing an innocent person to his death is emotionally wrenching. That may explain why only about 20% of people in the control groups said they’d push. The VMPC patients, on the other hand, made the utilitarian choice about twice as often, the researchers report online today in Nature.
The findings fit nicely with other evidence that moral judgments often involve a conflict between emotion and reason and that those two competing influences rely on different networks of brain regions, says Joshua Greene, a philosopher and cognitive neuroscientist at Harvard University. But Jordan Grafman, a cognitive neuroscientist at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke in Bethesda, Maryland, isn’t convinced that extreme moral dilemmas like the trolley problem evoke the same cognitive processes—and involve the same brain regions as moral judgments in the real world involve. Even so, he says, the study "emphasizes that disciplines other than philosophy can contribute to issues related to moral behavior. "
In the trolley scenario, most participants believe that ______.
选项
A、it’s right to flip the switch to save more people
B、it’s wrong to push an innocent person to his death
C、it’s better to save five people without hurting anyone else
D、it’s ridiculous for them to decide whether to flip the switch
答案
A
解析
根据第三段第一句“In the trolley scenario,most people in all three groups said it was okay toflip the switch”,A应为答案。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8ooZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Icametofeminismthewaysomepeoplecometosocialmovementsintheirearlyyears:outofself-interest.Igotontheequalit
Ifyou’relikemostpeople,you’rewaytoosmartforadvertising.Youfliprightpastnewspaperadsandneverclickonadsonlin
Ifyou’relikemostpeople,you’rewaytoosmartforadvertising.Youfliprightpastnewspaperadsandneverclickonadsonlin
Aslongaspeoplehavelookedupatthenightsky,theyhavewonderedwhetherhumanityisaloneintheuniverse.ofplacesclose
Whatisawomanworth?Thatisthequestionthathastobefacedbydivorcingcouplesandbytheirlawyers.Theanswersseemto
Lawyersarelessthan1%ofAmericanadults,【C1】______theyarewell-representedingovernment.Boththepresidentandthevice-p
Marriageis,formanypeople,theirmostimportantrelationship,thesourceofmuchhappiness,and,forsome,evenaddsextraye
Marriageis,formanypeople,theirmostimportantrelationship,thesourceofmuchhappiness,and,forsome,evenaddsextraye
Overfishingofoneoftheocean’stoppredatorshastriggeredalethalchainreactionthatthreatenstodecimatepopulationsof
Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelyto
随机试题
在刑事诉讼中,下列哪些材料不得作为鉴定结论使用?()
Idisagreedfundamentallywithwhatthesign______.
脑神经12对,属于混合神经的有
A.隐匿传导B.调节痉挛C.调节麻痹D.阿托品化E.筒箭毒样作用睫状肌松弛,悬韧带拉紧,晶状体变扁平,屈光度降低,视近物模糊,这种现象称之为
甲公司拟购买乙企业的加工设备,双方约定采用合同书形式订立买卖合同。下列说法正确的有()。
1861年俄国废除农奴制改革的主要作用是()。①造成资本的集中②扩大了国内市场③提供了自由劳动力④强化了中央集权
一般情况下,当对关系R和S进行自然连接时,要求R和S含有一个或者多个共有的
在:PowerPoint中为幻灯片插入编号,应选择()
Whatdoesthemanmean?
WereIinyourplace,______(我会毫不犹豫地抓住机会).
最新回复
(
0
)