首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Income inequality in the United States remained relatively stable for a period of nearly forty years. Beginning in the 1970’s, h
Income inequality in the United States remained relatively stable for a period of nearly forty years. Beginning in the 1970’s, h
admin
2014-03-02
39
问题
Income inequality in the United States remained relatively stable for a period of nearly forty years. Beginning in the 1970’s, however, this period of stability ended, as the first signs of widening income inequality became apparent. Over the course of the 1970’s and 1980’s, an increasingly clear trend toward greater income inequality emerged. By the end of file 1980’s, tile top 20 percent of workers were receiving the largest share of income ever recorded by government figures, and the bottom three fifths were receiving the lowest shares ever recorded. This trend has continued into the 1990’s and currently shows no signs of decline. When the indicators of growing inequality were first observed in the 1970’s, some researchers argued that the effects were merely temporary artifacts of short-term labor market disturbances. The new occupational structure appears to be one with an increase of well-paid technical, scientific and professional jobs at the top, a sliding middle class, and a growing poorly-paid service and retail jobs at the bottom. Several important labor-force changes appeared to be contributing to the shifting occupational structure.
As occupational reconstructing and growing income inequality have become increasingly evident, a heated debate as to the causes and magnitude of these changes arose. Two dominant bodies of thought emerged around the issue: the job-skill mismatch thesis and the polarization thesis. Mismatch theorists argue that there is an increasing distance between the high skill requirements of post-industrial jobs and the inadequate training and mediocre qualifications of workers. They see the post-industrial economy leaving behind unskilled workers, especially women and minorities. For the mismatch theorist, the trend toward greater inequality is temporary arid will dissipate once the supply of workers acquires the skills demanded by a post-industrial economy. And they predict that the workers will experience an upgrading in their wages over the long nm. Polarization theorists, on the other hand, believe that the rise in inequality is permanent, a result of the shift to a service-based economy. This vision of the post-industrial economy is characteristically polarized. The problem according to these theorists, is the type of jobs being generated in the new economy, not worker attributes. Because they believe the causes are structural and permanent, polarization theorists would deny the efficacy of public policies designed to educate and train unskilled workers. They predict a long-term continuation of the trend towards increasing income inequality.
Studies show that the long-run increase in income inequality is also related to changes in the Nation’s labor market and its household composition. The wage distribution has become considerably more unequal with more highly skilled, trained and educated workers at the top experiencing real wage gains and those at the bottom real wage losses. One factor is the shift in employment from those goods-producing industries that have disproportionately provided high-wage opportunities for low-skilled workers, towards services that disproportionately employ college graduates, and towards low-wage sectors such as retail trade. But within industry, shifts in labor demand away from less-educated workers are perhaps a more important explanation of eroding wages than the shift out of manufacturing.
Also cited as putting downward pressure on the wages of less-educated workers are intensifying global competition and immigration, the decline of the proportion of workers belonging to unions, the decline in the real value of the minimum wage, the increasing need for computer skills, and the increasing use of temporary workers.
According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statements is NOT true?
选项
A、Both mismatch theorists and polarization theorists think that greater inequality will remain.
B、Mismatch theorists and polarization theorists have opposite views regarding the post-industrial economy.
C、Polarization theorists do not think it useful to train the workers.
D、Both groups of theorists try to explain the causes of income inequality.
答案
A
解析
从第二段中For the mismatch theorist,the trend toward greater inequality is temporary arid will dissipate可以得出结论。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/8xQO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
ScienceFictioncanprovidestudentsinterestedinthefuturewithabasicintroductiontotheconceptofthinkingaboutpossibl
Sleepisanimportantpartofourlives.Wespendaboutone-thirdofourlivessleeping.Formillionsofpeople,【51】,gettingen
positiondefineforgetfulfancykeybalanceimportanceunhealthylacksubjectopenple
positiondefineforgetfulfancykeybalanceimportanceunhealthylacksubjectopenple
positiondefineforgetfulfancykeybalanceimportanceunhealthylacksubjectopenple
Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthis
In1993,NewYorkStateorderedstorestochargeadepositonbeverage(饮料)containers.Withinayear,consumershadreturnedmi
Theracialtheoryofcivilizationhasceasedtobescientificallyrespectable.Todayweonlyknowitasasophisticalexcusefor
Duringthesecondhalfofthenineteenthcentury,intheUnitedStates,boththestimulustoproducelandscapeartandthesubje
Duringthe1700sand1800s,majorfightingduringwarsgenerallyceasedforthewintersandarmiestookupwinterencampments.A
随机试题
肛裂常发干膝胸位()
下列关于胰岛素的药理作用的叙述,不正确的是
199×年×月×日18时15分,某炼油厂油品分厂罐区发生爆炸,引起310号油罐燃烧,造成2人死亡,直接经济损失约39万元。事故当日13时许,某炼油厂油品分厂半成品车间工人黄某某在当班期间,发现310号油罐油面高度已达14.21m,接近警戒高度14.30m
施工方视项目特点和进度控制的需要,编制()。
根据《建设工程安全生产管理条例》,不需要按照国家有关规定经过专门的安全作业培训,并取得特种作业操作资格证书后,方可上岗作业的人员是()。
发展旅游业应当实行()方针
421,842,1263,20105,()
日本明治维新时期建国三大政策。
新民主主义革命理论是党把马列主义基本原理与中国革命具体实践相结合,在认真总结中国革命实践经验的基础上形成的,具有独创性的革命理论。新民主主义革命理论的伟大意义体现在
下列IP地址中,()是可以分配给特定因特网用户的。
最新回复
(
0
)