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  3. Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and yo

Writing Based on Reading and Listening Directions: For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and yo

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问题     Writing Based on Reading and Listening
    Directions:
    For this task, you will read a passage about an academic topic and you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. You may take notes while you read and listen.
    Then you will write a response to a question that asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not ask you to express your personal opinion. You may refer to the reading passage again when you write. You may use your notes to help you answer the question.
    Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the completeness and accuracy of the content.
    You should allow 3 minutes to read the passage. Then listen to the lecture. Then allow 20 minutes to plan and write your response.
    Write your response in the space provided.
    Reading
    You will have 3 minutes to read the passage.
    The moa is an extinct flightless bird from New Zealand. There were about 20 species of moa. Depending on species, they ranged in height from 3 to 13 feet (0.9 to 4 m) and in weight from 30 to 520 pounds. It is said that moa had been driven to extinction before Europeans settled in New Zealand. However, a theory put forward recently suggests that moa had not been extinct when Europeans settled in New Zealand, with three reasons listed.
    First, a European child claimed to have seen moa and his father found a huge footprint on the sand, which was 28 centimeters long. It is very likely that such a long footprint was left by a moa because they have large and broad feet.
    Second, smooth, deep marks were found on the bones of moa. It couldn’t have been made by the Maori people because the Maori only use stone instruments, which would never have left such smooth, deep marks. The only possibility is that it was made by Europeans, who had much sharper tools.
    Finally, a Maori site was recently excavated, and in addition to moa feathers, copper buttons brought by Europeans were also found. This would mean that moa and Europeans lived in New Zealand at the same time, indicating that the moa had not been extinct when Europeans settled in New Zealand.
    Then you will hear:
    Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
    Lecture
   
    Question
    Summarize the points made in the lecture you just heard, explaining how they cast doubt on points made in the reading passage.
Moa are large, flightless birds that used to live in New Zealand. They belong to the ratite group of birds, which also includes ostriches, emus and kiwi. Moa were hunted to extinction by Maori, who found them easy targets. Recently, a theory claiming that moa had not been extinct when Europeans settled in New Zealand has become popular. However, the reasons given fail to support the theory.
    First, the footprint found by the child’s father could possibly have been enlarged by the random movement of the sand. Sand is not like soil, which can hold prints for a long time. Sand movements caused by wind and water could easily have changed the patterns. Therefore, the footprint may have been left by other kinds of birds and enlarged to such a size after the fact.
    Second, though Maori people only used stone tools not as advanced as those used by Europeans, the stone instruments were sharp enough to cut bone. As long as the stone was made sharp in the end, it would have been easy for it to make smooth, deep marks like those found on the moa bones.
    Finally, the feathers found might have been a family treasure of the Maori people. They could have gotten the feather a long time ago and passed it from generation to generation. The copper buttons were most likely brought by Europeans much later. It is not logical to say that the feather and the copper buttons belonged to the same period of time just because they were hidden together.
选项
答案 In the lecture the professor questions the reading’s assertion that the moa had not been extinct when Europeans settled in New Zealand. The lecture puts forth the idea that such an assertion is not entirely convincing. First, the reading mentions that a European child claimed to have seen moa and his father found a huge footprint, 28 centimeters long, on the sand. However, the professor suggests that the footprint found by the child’s father was possibly enlarged by random movement of the sand itself. Therefore, it may have been left by other kinds of birds besides the moa. Second, the reading cites evidence of smooth, deep marks found on the bones of moa, which were surely made by Europeans who had sharper tools. The professor disagrees, saying that the stone instruments used by the Maori were sharp enough to cut bone. Last, the reading says that in addition to moa feathers, copper buttons brought by Europeans were also found in the recently excavated Maori site. The professor rebuts this by saying that the feather might have been a family treasure of the Maori people, and it would have been for this reason that it was hidden together with copper buttons.
解析     针对恐鸟的灭绝时间，阅读文章认为欧洲人定居新西兰时恐鸟尚未灭绝，并提出三条论据：欧洲儿童及其父亲分别见过恐鸟及其脚印；恐鸟骨头上有欧洲人做的标记；遗址中发现了恐鸟的羽毛和欧洲人的铜扣。而听力文章认为这三条论据都缺乏十足的说服力。
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