首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune
admin
2018-04-17
61
问题
The immune system is equal in complexity to the combined intricacies of the brain and nervous system. The success of the immune system in defending the body relies on a dynamic regulatory communications network consisting of millions and millions of cells. Organized into sets and subsets, these cells pass information back and forth like clouds of bees swarming around a hive. The result is a sensitive system of checks and balances that produces an immune response that is prompt, appropriate, effective, and self-limiting.
At the heart of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between self and non-self. When immune defenders encounter cells or organisms carrying foreign or non-self molecules, the immune troops move quickly to eliminate the intruders. Virtually every body cell carries distinctive molecules that identify it as self. The body’s immune defenses do not normally attack tissues that carry a self-marker. Rather, immune cells and other body cells coexist peaceably in a state known as self-tolerance. When a normally functioning immune system attacks a non-self molecule, the system has the ability to remember the specifics of the foreign body. Upon subsequent encounters with the same species of molecules, the immune system reacts accordingly. With the possible exception of antibodies passed during lactation, this so-called immune system memory is not inherited. Despite the occurrence of a virus in your family, your immune system must learn from experience with the many millions of distinctive non-self molecules in the sea of microbes in which we live. Learning entails producing the appropriate molecules and cells to match up with and counteract each non-self invader.
Any substance capable of triggering an immune response is called an antigen. Antigens are not to be confused with allergens, which are most often harmless substances ( such as ragweed pollen or cat hair) that provoke the immune system to set off the inappropriate and harmful response known as allergy. An antigen can be a virus, a bacterium, a fungus, a parasite, or even a portion or product of one of these organisms. Tissues or cells from another individual ( except an identical twin, whose cells carry identical selfmarkers) also act as antigens; because the immune system recognizes transplanted tissues as foreign, it rejects them. The body will even reject nourishing proteins unless they are first broken down by the digestive system into their primary, non-antigenic building blocks. An antigen announces its foreignness by means of intricate and characteristic shapes called epitopes, which protrude from its surface. Most antigens, even the simplest microbes, carry several different kinds of epitopes on their surface; some may even carry several hundred. Some epitopes will be more effective than others at stimulating an immune response. Only in abnormal situations does the immune system wrongly identify self as non-self and execute a misdirected immune attack. The result can be a so-called autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosis. The painful side effects of these diseases are caused by a person’s immune system actually attacking itself.
What is the analogy used to describe the communications network among the cells in the immune system?
选项
A、The immune system’s memory.
B、Immune troops eliminating intruders.
C、Bees swarming around a hive.
D、A sea of microbes.
答案
C
解析
细节题。根据题干可以定位到第一段第三句。该句大意为,这些细胞组成集合和子集,像成群结队的蜜蜂聚在蜂巢周围一样传达和接收信息。因此,可以判断正确答案是[C]。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/90BZ777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Aslongaspeoplehavelookedupatthenightsky,theyhavewonderedwhetherhumanityisaloneintheuniverse.Ofplacesclose
WithJapan’swelfaresystembucklingunderthedemandsofanageingsociety,theworld’soldestmanapologizedyesterdayforhis
WithJapan’swelfaresystembucklingunderthedemandsofanageingsociety,theworld’soldestmanapologizedyesterdayforhis
【F1】Themajorityofsuccessfulseniormanagersdonotcloselyfollowtheclassicalrationalmodeloffirstclarifyinggoals,ass
Thetechnologicalrevolutionsofthelasttwodecadeshaveplacedasevereburdenontheconceptoftechnologytransfer.Itisq
【F1】AnydiscussionoftheAmericaneducationalsystemwouldbelessthancompleteifitdidnotmentiontheemphasisthatmanyc
Relativitytheoryhashadaprofoundinfluenceonourpictureofmatterbyforcingustomodifyourconceptofaparticleinan
Relativitytheoryhashadaprofoundinfluenceonourpictureofmatterbyforcingustomodifyourconceptofaparticleinan
随机试题
预测某企业未来收益,其中前5年分别为120万元、125万元、128万元、120万元和130万元,从第6年开始,企业收益将基本保持在120万元的水平上,已知折现率、资本化率同为10%。求该企业的整体资产评估值。
[*]
下列哪组检查结果符合原发性血小板减少紫癜的诊断
A.禁水一加压试验B.TRH兴奋试验C.T3抑制试验D.OGTTE.酚妥拉明抑制试验为确定下列患者诊断的最恰当的检查方法是:女性,18岁。因发现甲状腺肿大2年余就诊。体检:甲状腺Ⅱ度肿大,均匀,未闻及血
男性患者,52岁,突发昏迷以后出现发热。查体:血压190/115mmHg,体温38.5℃。该患者可能的诊断是
临床操作行牙髓失活法时应注意
下列关于房地产经纪合同条款的表述中,错误的是:()。
应当先履行债务的当事人,有确切证据证明对方有()情形的,可行使不安抗辩权,中止履行合同。
国家审计署驻省的特派办,其正副特派员由国家审计署决定任命。()
发展社会主义民主、实现人民当家作主的根本保证是
最新回复
(
0
)