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  3. Frank Sinatra knew he was getting a raw deal. He could sing but he was not much of a songwriter, so he never saw a cent when mos

Frank Sinatra knew he was getting a raw deal. He could sing but he was not much of a songwriter, so he never saw a cent when mos

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问题    Frank Sinatra knew he was getting a raw deal. He could sing but he was not much of a songwriter, so he never saw a cent when most of his 300 or so singles were played on American radio. He spent years fruitlessly lobbying Congress to change a 1909 royalties law, which requires radio broadcasters to pay composers but not performers. Broadcasters—a more formidable lobby than artists or record labels-have long fought any change, arguing that airtime gives singers free publicity. But this month the artists and labels have had some good news.
   On June 5th Clear Channel Communications, America’s largest radio broadcaster, announced a deal with Big Machine, a country-music label, to pay performance royalties on all its radio channels, terrestrial (ie, over the air) and digital. The plan is for Clear Channel to pay the label and its artists, who include Taylor Swift and Tim McGraw, a cut of its advertising revenue. The agreement indicates that Clear Channel plans to invest more in digital radio, the part of the industry that is growing.
   But unlike terrestrial broadcasters, digital stations are obliged by a 1998 law to pay fees to artists whenever a song is played. This twisted system has made life painful for digital platforms trying to build an audience, such as Pandora, which pays out more than half of its revenue in music royalties.
   "It’s very tough to make business work online with these rates," says Tim Westergren, founder and chief strategy officer of Pandora. His firm has spent $50,000 this year lobbying Congress to change the law.
   Only 2% of Clear Channel’s listeners are digital and 98% terrestrial, so the deal looks costly. But Big Machine supplies only a small proportion of Clear Channel’s music. And paying a share of ad revenues hurts less than paying per song. The idea is to see what this does to the bottom line before negotiating with other labels.
   The deal may also reflect anxiety on Clear Channel’s part. Its leveraged buy-out in 2008, just before the ad market collapsed, has left it heavily in hock. It has enough cash to keep things humming for a few years, but few years later, debts of $12.1 billion fall due. The company will probably need a maturity extension. "There’s no way to pay that," says Melissa link of Fitch, a ratings agency. "They need growth."
   All eyes are now watching to see whether Clear Channel can make money from digital radio. It already has iHeartRadio, an internet network launched in 2008, which relies on ads rather than subscriptions. In September 2011 the network began offering customisable playlists, like Pandora. It offers 11m songs, compared with Pandora’s 900,000—but has only a tenth of its rival’s listeners. The big source of growth is among smartphone buyers, who account for 70% of Pandora’s streaming. Yet Pandora also relies heavily on advertising (only 10% subscribe), and mobiles have proven difficult for ad sales.
   [A] intends to enlarge investment in the growing digital radio market
   [B] relies more heavily on subscriptions than on advertising.
   [C] has earned profits from both digital radio and terrestrial radio.
   [D] complains that it is difficult for his firm to operate online business with high royalty rates.
   [E] has to expend over half of its income on music royalties.
   [F] thinks that Clear Channel Communications is unable to pay off its debts.
   [G] cannot get paid for his singing performance under a 1909 royalties law.
Pandora
选项
答案E
解析 Pandora出现在第三段、第四段及最后一段，解题句在第三段。该段最后一句说，这种扭曲的制度让试图招徕听众的数字平台日子很不好过；仅以潘多拉为例，它收入的一半以上都用于支付音乐版权费。E项是对该句末尾定语从句的同义转述，其中expend over half of its income与文中的pays out more than half of its revenue同义，故确定E为答案。
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